{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1769730196627,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcome of small ruminants treated for obstructive urolithiasis using a modified tube cystostomy (MTC) technique.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>15 goats and 2 sheep treated with an MTC between March 2018 and February 2023.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Animals were diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis on the basis of history, physical examination, and ultrasonographic examination. An MTC was performed with sedation and a local block. Postoperative medical management was instituted to help reestablish urethral patency, and Foley catheters were removed after successful urination.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Animals were hospitalized an average of 3 nights (range, 0 to 14 nights). Complications included urine spillage in the abdomen and accidental deflation of the Foley balloon. Six animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis or failure to regain urethral patency. Foley catheters were removed an average of 15.7 days postoperatively in animals that regained urethral patency. Long-term (&gt; 1-month) follow-up was available for 8 animals, with an average postoperative survival time of 19.4 months (range, 1 to 58 months). Four animals were lost to long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This MTC technique is an effective means of catheterizing the urinary bladder in small ruminants. It can be performed under field conditions and serve as a standalone procedure for providing temporary urine egress. Patient size is limited by the length of the introducer, and an intact, distended urinary bladder and plan for reestablishing urethral patency are important considerations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.07.0427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T12:47:55Z","timestamp":1697028475000},"page":"256-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modified tube cystostomy technique for management of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants: procedure and outcome in 17 sheep and goats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Oman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie F.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"S2","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Small ruminant urinary obstruction: decision trees for treatment","volume":"260","author":"Mejia S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mejia S, McOnie RC, Nelligan KL, Fubini SL. Small ruminant urinary obstruction: decision trees for treatment. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(S2):S64-S71. doi:10.2460\/javma.22.02.0071"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"546","article-title":"Percutaneous tube cystostomy and vesicular irrigation for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in a goat","volume":"221","author":"Streeter RN","year":"2002","unstructured":"Streeter RN, Washburn KE, McCauley CT. Percutaneous tube cystostomy and vesicular irrigation for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in a goat. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(4):546-549. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.221.546"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter for management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs: 69 cases (2000-2014)","volume":"248","author":"Chigerwe M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chigerwe M, Heller MC, Balcomb CC, Angelos JA. Use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter for management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs: 69 cases (2000-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016;248(11):1287-1290. doi:10.2460\/javma.248.11.1287"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"283","article-title":"Risk factors for, frequency, and type of complications after temporary tube cystostomy in goats, sheep, and pigs","volume":"50","author":"Gamsj\u00e4ger L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gamsj\u00e4ger L, Chigerwe M. Risk factors for, frequency, and type of complications after temporary tube cystostomy in goats, sheep, and pigs. Vet Surg. 2021;50(2):283-293. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13553"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"528","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy for treating obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants with an intact urinary bladder","volume":"166","author":"Fazili MR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fazili MR, Malik HU, Bhattacharyya HK, Buchoo BA, Moulvi BA, Makhdoomi DM. Minimally invasive surgical tube cystotomy for treating obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants with an intact urinary bladder. Vet Rec. 2010;166(17):528-531. doi:10.1136\/vr.b4831"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"417","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcome and factors predicting survival after surgical tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants","volume":"35","author":"Ewoldt JM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ewoldt JM, Anderson DE, Miesner MD, Saville WJ. Short- and long-term outcome and factors predicting survival after surgical tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants. Vet Surg. 2006;35(5):417-422. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00169.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"498","article-title":"Tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants","volume":"24","author":"Rakestraw PC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rakestraw PC, Fubini SL, Gilbert RO, Ward JO. Tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants. Vet Surg. 1995;24(6):498-505. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1995.tb01361.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Med (Praha)","first-page":"367","article-title":"Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy: an experimental study in male sheep","volume":"54","author":"Franz S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franz S, Dadak AM, Schoffmann G, Khol JL, Baumgartner W, Dupre G. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy: an experimental study in male sheep. Vet Med (Praha). 2009;54(8):367-373. doi:10.17221\/106\/2009-VETMED"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"159","article-title":"Use of percutaneous cystolithotomy for removal of urethral uroliths in a pot-bellied pig","volume":"59","author":"Coutant T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coutant T, Dunn M, Montasell X, Langlois I. Use of percutaneous cystolithotomy for removal of urethral uroliths in a pot-bellied pig. Can Vet J. 2018;59(2):159-164."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"661","article-title":"Caprine obstructive urolithiasis: requirement for 2nd surgical intervention and mortality after percutaneous tube cystostomy, surgical tube cystostomy, or urinary bladder marsupialization","volume":"33","author":"Fortier LA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fortier LA, Gregg AJ, Erb HN, Fubini SL. Caprine obstructive urolithiasis: requirement for 2nd surgical intervention and mortality after percutaneous tube cystostomy, surgical tube cystostomy, or urinary bladder marsupialization. Vet Surg. 2004;33(6):661-667. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04089.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/2\/javma.23.07.0427.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/2\/javma.23.07.0427.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/2\/javma.23.07.0427.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T15:27:31Z","timestamp":1727278051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/2\/javma.23.07.0427.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.07.0427","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}