{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T09:01:06Z","timestamp":1770541266470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To report the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) after clean-contaminated and dirty gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats that did and did not receive incisional infiltration of Nocita and report the bacteria isolated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Client-owned dogs (n = 211) and cats (78).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Records of dogs and cats that underwent gastrointestinal surgery at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital between July 1, 2020, and April 1, 2023, were reviewed for surgical procedures, presence of preoperative septic peritonitis, use of Nocita, perioperative antibiotics administered, postoperative antibiotic use, SSI development postoperatively, and aerobic bacteria isolated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>7 of 124 (5.6%) dogs that received Nocita and 9 of 87 (10.2%) that did not receive Nocita developed an SSI. No dogs presenting with septic peritonitis and given Nocita (n = 5) developed an SSI. Two of 55 (3.6%) cats that received Nocita and 1 of 23 (4%) that did not receive Nocita developed an SSI. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was the most common aerobic bacteria isolated from SSIs (n = 3), and MDR bacteria were isolated commonly from both groups (4).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Use of Nocita for gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats is not associated with higher rates of SSI than published rates of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery. Use of Nocita in dogs with preoperative septic peritonitis is not associated with the development of SSI. MDR bacteria are commonly isolated via culture from both dogs that received Nocita and those that did not.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.08.0463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T19:07:52Z","timestamp":1698865672000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery is not associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections or multidrug-resistant infections"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Camille","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Burneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"577","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infection in clean-contaminated wounds: a retrospective study of 239 dogs and cats","volume":"31","author":"Nicholson M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nicholson M, Beal M, Shofer F, Brown DC. Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infection in clean-contaminated wounds: a retrospective study of 239 dogs and cats. Vet Surg. 2002;31(6):577\u2013581. doi:10.1053\/jvet.2002.34661"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice","author":"Jessen L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jessen L, Damborg P, Spohr A,  Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice. 2nd ed. Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association; 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Microorganisms associated with incisional infections after gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats","volume":"49","author":"Williams RW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams RW, Cole S, Holt DE. Microorganisms associated with incisional infections after gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats. Vet Surg. 2020;49(7):1301\u20131306. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13495"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infections in dogs and cats","volume":"210","author":"Brown DC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown DC, Conzemius MG, Shofer F, Swann H. Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infections in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997;210(9):1302\u20131306."},{"issue":"10 suppl 2","key":"ref5","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","first-page":"S165","article-title":"Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings","volume":"35","author":"Siegel JD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings. 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US FDA; 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Postoperative injectable opioid use and incidence of surgical site complications after use of liposomal bupivacaine in canine gastrointestinal foreign body surgery","volume":"52","author":"Rahn AP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahn AP, Moore GE, Risselada M. Postoperative injectable opioid use and incidence of surgical site complications after use of liposomal bupivacaine in canine gastrointestinal foreign body surgery. Vet Surg. 2023;52(7):1024\u20131031. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13976"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"674","article-title":"Incidence and severity of short-term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Power AM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Power AM, McKee T, Jordan K, Bergman PJ, Davis KM. 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Accessed September 26, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Rec Open","first-page":"e000233","article-title":"Incidence of surgical site infection in dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery: risk factors and economic impact","volume":"6","author":"Espinel-Rup\u00e9rez J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Espinel-Rup\u00e9rez J, Mart\u00edn-R\u00edos MD, Salazar V, Baquero-Artigao MR, Ortiz-D\u00edez G. Incidence of surgical site infection in dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery: risk factors and economic impact. Vet Rec Open. 2019;6(1):e000233. doi:10.1136\/vetreco-2017-000233"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"60","article-title":"Surgical wound infection rates in dogs and cats. Data from a teaching hospital","volume":"17","author":"Vasseur PB","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vasseur PB, Levy J, Dowd E, Eliot J. Surgical wound infection rates in dogs and cats. 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Acta Chir Scand. 1976;142(6):433\u2013439."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/1\/javma.23.08.0463.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/1\/javma.23.08.0463.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/1\/javma.23.08.0463.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:57:14Z","timestamp":1727301434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/1\/javma.23.08.0463.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.08.0463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}}}