{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:10:21Z","timestamp":1788311421320,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the content of unlicensed GS-441524-like products being used as a largely successful at-home treatment for cats suspected to have FIP. The remdesivir content and pH were also measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>127 injectable and oral samples from 30 of the most popular brands of black market producers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlicensed GS-441524-like products were procured through donations and tested for GS-441524 and remdesivir content by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A pH meter measured the pH of injectable samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 87 injectable formulations, 95% contained more (on average 39% more) GS-441524 than expected based on the producer\u2019s marketed concentrations. The average pH (1.30 pH) was well below the physiologic pH conditions recommended for SC injections. The oral formulations were more variable, with 43% containing more GS-441524 (on average 75% more) than expected and 58% containing less (on average 39% less) than the expected content. There was minimal variability in GS-441524 content between replicate samples in the injectables formulations (measured by coefficient of variation). One injectable and 2 oral samples additionally contained remdesivir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All unlicensed products used for the at-home treatment of FIP that we tested contain GS-441524. The injectables generally contain significantly more drug than advertised at a below-physiologic pH. Unlicensed oral products vary more widely in drug content and suffer from unconventional dosing and labeling. These data should highlight the need for regulation of these products and the development of legal pathways to procure GS-441524.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.08.0466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T13:33:26Z","timestamp":1707312806000},"page":"489-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Alycia M.","family":"Kent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Jacque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Novicoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"},{"name":"Department Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J. M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Q","first-page":"322","article-title":"Current status on treatment options for feline infectious peritonitis and SARS-CoV-2 positive cats","volume":"40","author":"Izes AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izes AM, Yu J, Norris JM, Govendir M. Current status on treatment options for feline infectious peritonitis and SARS-CoV-2 positive cats. Vet Q. 2020;40(1):322-330. doi:10.1080\/01652176.2020.1845917"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"225","article-title":"A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008","volume":"11","author":"Pedersen NC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedersen NC. A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008. J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11(4):225-258. doi:10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.09.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"271","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"21","author":"Pedersen NC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pedersen NC, Perron M, Bannasch M,  Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. 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Treatment of FIP in cats with remdesivir. https:\/\/ccah.vetmed.ucdavis.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/dgvnsk4586\/files\/inline-files\/Treatment%20of%20FIP%20with%20Remdesevir.final-2.pdf"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/4\/javma.23.08.0466.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/4\/javma.23.08.0466.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/4\/javma.23.08.0466.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T17:51:19Z","timestamp":1727286679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/4\/javma.23.08.0466.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.08.0466","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]}}}