{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T23:34:36Z","timestamp":1782430476789,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMPS) combinations are widely used to treat a range of infectious diseases in horses, but some equine practitioners are reluctant to use them for treatment of both neonatal and older foals. Considering the emergence of increased antimicrobial resistance, the use of protected antimicrobials commonly prescribed to foals should be avoided and alternative first-line therapy considered, where appropriate. This review examines the characteristics and pharmacokinetics of TMPS and its suitability for treatment of foals. Data regarding dosage and route of administration are reported on the basis of recent publications in foals. The review intends to share significant information about the common infections that are most likely responsive to TMPS treatment in foals and, as such, where TMPS might be considered a suitable first-line therapeutic option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.09.0536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T15:19:42Z","timestamp":1710343182000},"page":"825-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trimethoprim-sulfonamide: a valid antimicrobial treatment in foals?"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Kajsa","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Verwilghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Congupna, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Palmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic De Morette, Asse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Congupna, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaby","family":"van Galen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Congupna, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"AMEG \u2013 categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union","author":"Moulin G.","unstructured":"Moulin G. 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