{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:35:50Z","timestamp":1781933750114,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To measure the tracheal diameter and length in kittens using radiography and CT and to evaluate the concordance between measurements obtained with these 2 modalities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>15 kittens with an estimated age of 12 weeks and mean body weight of 1.49 kg.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Radiographic and CT images were retrospectively evaluated to measure tracheal lengths and diameters. Tracheal diameters were measured at 5 different sites (A [at the level of the C2-3 intervertebral disk space], B [at the level of the C4-5 intervertebral disk space], C [at the cranial end of the manubrium sterni], D [at the level of the second rib], and E [1 cm cranial to the carina]) along the trachea. The cross-sectional area and transverse and vertical diameter ratios were calculated for each measurement site.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cross-sectional area was largest at site A and decreased from site C to site E. Based on the vertical diameter ratio, the tracheal shape was most circular at sites A and E, whereas from sites B to D, it was elliptical. The vertical diameters of the trachea on radiography and CT did not differ statistically significantly. However, the tracheal length measured on radiography was approximately 6 mm longer than that measured on CT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using the first rib as an anatomical reference, the placement of a cuffed endotracheal tube is recommended in kittens. In emergency situations, regression equations based on body weight may be helpful in predicting tracheal diameters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.09.0538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T16:37:42Z","timestamp":1703263062000},"page":"364-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of tracheal diameter and length in kittens"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Daeyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuyong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eum Animal Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seongsoo","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beomkwan","family":"Namgoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahreum","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heesung","family":"Uhm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeajeong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghun","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"211","article-title":"2021 AAHA\/AAFP feline life stage guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Quimby J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quimby J, Gowland S, Carney HC, DePorter T, Plummer P, Westropp J. 2021 AAHA\/AAFP feline life stage guidelines. 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