{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:36:56Z","timestamp":1788568616396,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To validate the performance of a novel, integrated test for canine cancer screening that combines cell-free DNA quantification with next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Retrospective data from a total of 1,947 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were used to validate test performance for the detection of 7 predefined cancer types (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, primary lung tumors, and urothelial carcinoma), using independent training and testing sets.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cell-free DNA quantification data from all samples were analyzed using a proprietary machine learning algorithm to determine a Cancer Probability Index (High, Moderate, or Low). High and Low Probability of Cancer were final result classifications. Moderate cases were additionally analyzed by NGS to arrive at a final classification of High Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Detected) or Low Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Not Detected).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 595 dogs in the testing set, 89% (n = 530) received a High or Low Probability result based on the machine learning algorithm; 11% (65) were Moderate Probability, and NGS results were used to assign a final classification. Overall, 87 of 122 dogs with the 7 predefined cancer types were classified as High Probability and 467 of 473 presumably cancer-free dogs were classified as Low Probability, corresponding to a sensitivity of 71.3% for the predefined cancer types at a specificity of 98.7%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This integrated test offers a novel option to screen for cancer types that may be difficult to detect by physical examination at a dog\u2019s wellness visit.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.10.0564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T18:33:32Z","timestamp":1707330812000},"page":"665-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical validation of a blood-based liquid biopsy test integrating cell-free DNA quantification and next-generation sequencing for cancer screening in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Andi","family":"Flory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Ruiz-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana G.","family":"Clavere-Graciette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Programs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Rafalko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison L.","family":"O\u2019Kell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Flesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"McLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Programs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan C.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Production, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Nakashe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Programs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Phelps-Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"DiMarzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea D.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Chibuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Chorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Grosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Clinical Affairs, PetDx, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana W. 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