{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T02:30:23Z","timestamp":1782441023706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study sought to determine whether firocoxib (FIRO) or meloxicam (MEL) was effective at providing analgesia after surgical castration in goats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>18 intact male crossbred goats (6 to 8 months old) were enrolled with a mean weight of 32.6 (\u00b1 2.9) kg.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgical castration was done under injectable anesthesia by a licensed veterinarian. Twelve bucks were surgically castrated and given either FIRO (n = 6) or MEL (n = 6). Six bucks served as controls (CNTLs) and were not castrated. Outcome measurements included visual analogue scale, infrared thermography, plasma cortisol, plasma substance P, and kinetic gait analysis. All outcome measurements were obtained at \u201324, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All 3 treatments were significantly different from each other at the 24- and 48-hour time points, with MEL animals having lower visual analogue scale scores when compared to FIRO animals; CNTL animals exhibited the lowest plasma cortisol levels (3.19 ng\/mL; 95% CI, \u20131.21 to 7.59 ng\/mL) followed by FIRO (7.45 ng\/mL; 95% CI, 3.10 to 11.80 ng\/mL) and MEL (10.24 ng\/mL; 95% CI, 5.87 to 14.60 ng\/mL). FIRO had an average mean decrease in gait velocity change (\u201354.17 cm\/s; 95% CI, \u201392.99 to \u201315.35 cm\/s), while MEL had an increase in gait velocity when compared to baseline values (14.54 cm\/s; 95% CI, \u201324.27 to 53.36 cm\/s). Control animals had an average mean of \u20133.06 cm\/s (95% CI, \u201341.88 to 35.75 cm\/s).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results from this study showed that there were some analgesic effects from administering MEL when compared to bucks that received a placebo treatment (CNTL).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.10.0575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T18:53:31Z","timestamp":1704740011000},"page":"498-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of firocoxib and meloxicam for pain mitigation in goats undergoing surgical castration"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Mikaela M.","family":"Weeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Kleinhenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Reppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie F.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaine T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailey R.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann F.","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","series-title":"S Afr J Anim Sci","first-page":"731","article-title":"Castration of male livestock and the potential of immunocastration to improve animal welfare and production traits: invited review","volume":"47","author":"Needham T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Needham T, Lambrechts H, Hoffman LC. Castration of male livestock and the potential of immunocastration to improve animal welfare and production traits: invited review. S Afr J Anim Sci. 2017;47(6):731-742."},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Livest Sci","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of transdermal flunixin meglumine on biomarkers of pain in calves when administered at the time of surgical castration without local anesthesia","volume":"212","author":"Kleinhenz MD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kleinhenz MD, Van Engen NK, Smith JS,  The impact of transdermal flunixin meglumine on biomarkers of pain in calves when administered at the time of surgical castration without local anesthesia. Livest Sci. 2018;212:1-6."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","series-title":"In: Vet World","first-page":"233","article-title":"Obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants\u2014a review","volume":"6","author":"Makhdoomi DM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Makhdoomi DM, Gazi MA. Obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants\u2014a review. 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