{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T23:17:10Z","timestamp":1778109430483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To report the complications and outcomes associated with thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass resection in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>49 client-owned dogs that underwent thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass removal.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study (January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2023), and the medical records of 49 client-owned dogs that underwent thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass removal were reviewed. The signalment, history, clinicopathologic features, perioperative complications, and long-term outcome were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Preoperative myasthenia gravis (MG) and megaesophagus (ME) were identified in 17 of 49 (35%) dogs and 11 of 49 (22%) dogs, respectively. The median maximal tumor diameter on CT images was 4.7 cm (range, 2.7 to 8.5 cm). Nonemergent conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 4 of 49 (8%) dogs, and dogs with conversion to an open procedure had a significantly larger median maximal CT tumor diameter than dogs without conversion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03). The most common tumor type was thymoma (37\/49 [76%]). The overall median survival time for dogs with thymoma was 1,102 days (95% CI, 482 to upper bound not reached). The median survival time for dogs with thymoma and concurrent presurgical MG was 182 days (95% CI, 14 to upper bound not reached). Presurgical diagnosis of MG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .44) or ME (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .69) was not associated with survival time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thoracoscopic removal of cranial mediastinal masses was associated with low conversion and complication rates. Long-term survival is possible, and thoracoscopic removal should be considered for select cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.12.0679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T14:58:04Z","timestamp":1721228284000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thoracoscopic removal of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs is associated with a low conversion rate, excellent survival to discharge, and good long-term outcome"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-1261","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-156X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William T. N.","family":"Culp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Nervianese, Nerviano MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel Jim\u00e9nez","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUNA Especialidades Veterinarias, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0852-0644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele A.","family":"Steffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Balsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makayla A.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8095-9339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ameet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-3582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Buote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valery F.","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herve","family":"Brissot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pride Veterinary Referrals, Derby, Derbyshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Specialty Hospital, North County, San Marcos, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"393","article-title":"Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs","volume":"38","author":"Day MJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Day MJ. Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 1997;38(9):393-403. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03492.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Cranial mediastinal carcinomas in nine dogs","volume":"6","author":"Liptak JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liptak JM, Kamstock DA, Dernell WS, Ehrhart EJ, Rizzo SA, Withrow SJ. Cranial mediastinal carcinomas in nine dogs. Vet Comp Oncol. 2008;6(1):19-30. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2007.00133.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1448","article-title":"Clinical features, treatment options, and outcome in dogs with thymoma: 116 cases (1999-2010)","volume":"243","author":"Robat CS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robat CS, Cesario L, Gaeta R, Miller M, Schrempp D, Chun R. Clinical features, treatment options, and outcome in dogs with thymoma: 116 cases (1999-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;243(10):1448-1454. doi:10.2460\/javma.243.10.1448"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2315","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome of acquired myasthenia gravis in 94 dogs","volume":"35","author":"Forgash JT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Forgash JT, Chang YM, Mittelman NS,  Clinical features and outcome of acquired myasthenia gravis in 94 dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(5):2315-2326. doi:10.1111\/jvim.16223"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","series-title":"Br Vet J","first-page":"669","article-title":"A case report and review: the gross, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a carcinoma of ectopic thyroid in a dog","volume":"152","author":"Constantino-Casas P","year":"1996","unstructured":"Constantino-Casas P, Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez HA, Guti\u00e9rrez D\u00edaz-Ceballos ME. A case report and review: the gross, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a carcinoma of ectopic thyroid in a dog. Br Vet J. 1996;152(6):669-672. doi:10.1016\/s0007-1935(96)80120-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref6","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"3444","article-title":"Canine epithelial thymic tumors: outcome in 28 dogs treated by surgery","volume":"11","author":"Martano M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martano M, Buracco P, Morello EM. Canine epithelial thymic tumors: outcome in 28 dogs treated by surgery. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(12):3444. doi:10.3390\/ani11123444"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of thymic epithelial tumours in the dog","volume":"14","author":"Burgess KE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess KE, DeRegis CJ, Brown FS, Keating JH. Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of thymic epithelial tumours in the dog. Vet Comp Oncol. 2016;14(2):113-121. doi:10.1111\/vco.12072"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"604","article-title":"Transformation of a thymic branchial cyst to a carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog","volume":"51","author":"Levien AS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levien AS, Summers BA, Szladovits B, Benigni L, Baines SJ. Transformation of a thymic branchial cyst to a carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51(11):604-608. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.01006.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Thymic branchial cysts in the dog and cat","volume":"182","author":"Liu S","year":"1983","unstructured":"Liu S, Patnaik AK, Burk RL. Thymic branchial cysts in the dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983;182(10):1095-1098."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"385","article-title":"Radiographic differentiation of mediastinal versus pulmonary masses in dogs and cats can be challenging","volume":"61","author":"Ruby J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruby J, Secrest S, Sharma A. Radiographic differentiation of mediastinal versus pulmonary masses in dogs and cats can be challenging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2020;61(4):385-393. doi:10.1111\/vru.12859"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Thymoma in dogs: 23 cases (1980-1991)","volume":"205","author":"Atwater SW","year":"1994","unstructured":"Atwater SW, Powers BE, Park RD, Straw RC, Ogilvie GK, Withrow SJ. Thymoma in dogs: 23 cases (1980-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994;205(7):1007-1013. doi:10.2460\/javma.1994.205.07.1007"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984-2005)","volume":"232","author":"Zitz JC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zitz JC, Birchard SJ, Couto GC, Samii VF, Weisbrode SE, Young GS. Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984-2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232(8):1186-1192. doi:10.2460\/javma.232.8.1186"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"756","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of noninvasive thymomas using one-lung ventilation in two dogs","volume":"37","author":"Mayhew PD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayhew PD, Friedberg JS. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of noninvasive thymomas using one-lung ventilation in two dogs. Vet Surg. 2008;37(8):756-762. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00447.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"793","article-title":"Portal site metastasis after thoracoscopic resection of a cranial mediastinal mass in a dog","volume":"247","author":"Alwen SG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alwen SG, Culp WT, Szivek A, Mayhew PD, Eckstrand CD. Portal site metastasis after thoracoscopic resection of a cranial mediastinal mass in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015;247(7):793-800. doi:10.2460\/javma.247.7.793"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Video-assisted extirpation of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs: 18 cases (2009-2014)","volume":"250","author":"MacIver MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacIver MA, Case JB, Monnet EL,  Video-assisted extirpation of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs: 18 cases (2009-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017;250(11):1283-1290. doi:10.2460\/javma.250.11.1283"},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"O28","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a noninvasive thymoma in a cat with myasthenia gravis using low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation","volume":"45","author":"Griffin MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griffin MA, Sutton JS, Hunt GB, Pypendop BH, Mayhew PD. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a noninvasive thymoma in a cat with myasthenia gravis using low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation. Vet Surg. 2016;45(S1):O28-O33. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12504"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy","first-page":"407","article-title":"Thoracoscopic mediastinal mass resection","author":"Case JB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Case JB, Fox-Alvarez WA, Culp WT. Thoracoscopic mediastinal mass resection. In: Fransson BA, Mayhew PD, eds. Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy. 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2022:407-414. doi:10.1002\/9781119666912.ch37"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","series-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol","first-page":"776","article-title":"Experience with video-assisted surgery for suspected mediastinal tumours","volume":"30","author":"Chetty GK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chetty GK, Khan OA, Onyeaka CV, Ahmad F, Rajesh PB, Waller DA. Experience with video-assisted surgery for suspected mediastinal tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004;30(7):776-780. doi:10.1016\/j.ejso.2004.05.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"311","article-title":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE v2) following investigational therapy in dogs and cats","volume":"19","author":"LeBlanc AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"LeBlanc AK, Atherton M, Bentley RT,  Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE v2) following investigational therapy in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol. 2021;19(2):311-352. doi:10.1111\/vco.12677"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"61","article-title":"A systematic review of criteria used to report complications in soft tissue and oncologic surgical clinical research studies in dogs and cats","volume":"49","author":"Follette CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Follette CM, Giuffrida MA, Balsa IM,  A systematic review of criteria used to report complications in soft tissue and oncologic surgical clinical research studies in dogs and cats. Vet Surg. 2020;49(1):61-69. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13279"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","series-title":"Ther Apher","first-page":"291","article-title":"The six year experience of plasmapheresis in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"4","author":"Chiu HC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chiu HC, Chen WH, Yeh JH. The six year experience of plasmapheresis in patients with myasthenia gravis. Ther Apher. 2000;4(4):291-295. doi:10.1046\/j.1526-0968.2000.004004291.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","series-title":"J Clin Apher","first-page":"177","article-title":"Optimal volume of processed plasma and total number of selective plasmapheresis sessions in the treatment of patients with severe generalized myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Yeh JH","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yeh JH, Chiu HC. Optimal volume of processed plasma and total number of selective plasmapheresis sessions in the treatment of patients with severe generalized myasthenia gravis. J Clin Apher. 1999;14(4):177-180. doi:10.1002\/(sici)1098-1101(1999)14:4<177::aid-jca4>3.0.co;2-l"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Autoimmun","first-page":"90","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Berrih-Aknin S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R. Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms. J Autoimmun. 2014;52:90-100. doi:10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"106","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunct therapy in 3 dogs with myasthenia gravis and myasthenia-like syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Vitalo A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vitalo A, Buckley G, Londo\u00f1o L. Therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunct therapy in 3 dogs with myasthenia gravis and myasthenia-like syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2021;31(1):106-111. doi:10.1111\/vec.13022"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","first-page":"250","article-title":"Bronchial blocker compared to double-lumen tube for one-lung ventilation during thoracoscopy","volume":"45","author":"Bauer C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer C, Winter C, Hentz JG, Ducrocq X, Steib A, Dupeyron JP. Bronchial blocker compared to double-lumen tube for one-lung ventilation during thoracoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(2):250-254. doi:10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2001.450218"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","series-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth","first-page":"2673","article-title":"Optimizing one-lung ventilation: moving beyond tidal volume","volume":"32","author":"Slinger PD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slinger PD. Optimizing one-lung ventilation: moving beyond tidal volume. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;32(6):2673-2675. doi:10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.04.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"664","article-title":"Evaluation of blind thoracoscopic-assisted placement of three double-lumen endobronchial tube designs for one-lung ventilation in dogs","volume":"41","author":"Mayhew PD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mayhew PD, Culp WT, Pascoe PJ, Kass PH, Johnson LR. Evaluation of blind thoracoscopic-assisted placement of three double-lumen endobronchial tube designs for one-lung ventilation in dogs. Vet Surg. 2012;41(6):664-670. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00979.x"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Cohen\u2019s Comprehensive Thoracic Anesthesia","first-page":"171","article-title":"Flexible and rigid bronchoscopy in thoracic anesthesia","author":"Gil MG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gil MG, P\u00e9rez EB, Plumed RM. Flexible and rigid bronchoscopy in thoracic anesthesia. In: Cohen E, ed. Cohen\u2019s Comprehensive Thoracic Anesthesia. Elsevier; 2022:171-181. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-323-71301-6.00013-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"106","article-title":"Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Scott JE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scott JE, Auzenne DA, Massari F,  Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs. Vet Surg. 2023;52(1):106-115. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13886"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"530","article-title":"Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Lansdowne JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lansdowne JL, Monnet E, Twedt DC, Dernell WS. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs. Vet Surg. 2005;34(5):530-535. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00080.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref31","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"564","article-title":"Thoracoscopic pericardial window for management of pericardial effusion in 15 dogs","volume":"54","author":"Atencia S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atencia S, Doyle RS, Whitley NT. Thoracoscopic pericardial window for management of pericardial effusion in 15 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2013;54(11):564-569. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12138"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","series-title":"Acad Radiol","first-page":"54","article-title":"CT tumor volume measurement in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: performance characteristics of an emerging clinical tool","volume":"18","author":"Nishino M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nishino M, Guo M, Jackman DM,  CT tumor volume measurement in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: performance characteristics of an emerging clinical tool. Acad Radiol. 2011;18(1):54-62. doi:10.1016\/j.acra.2010.08.021"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.23.12.0679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.23.12.0679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.23.12.0679.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:09:10Z","timestamp":1741356550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.23.12.0679.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.12.0679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}}}