{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:54:00Z","timestamp":1787025240836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the survival times in dogs diagnosed with adrenal tumors with vascular or soft tissue invasion that did not undergo adrenalectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series of 32 client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of a referral veterinary hospital were reviewed to identify dogs that were diagnosed with an invasive adrenal mass and did not undergo adrenalectomy between January 2013 and December 2022. Data collected included signalment, examination findings, and diagnostic results from the initial presentation. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize dog signalment information, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for calculation of median survival time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most dogs (n = 28) had vascular invasion, primarily into the caudal vena cava. Surgery was offered but not pursued due to perceived risk of sudden death (n = 5), risk of hemorrhage (4), or concurrent diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (1). Only 1 dog pursued stereotactic body radiation therapy, and 1 was prescribed toceranib phosphate (Palladia). Of these 32 dogs, 30 (93.8%) died or were euthanized and 2 (6.2%) dogs survived. The median follow-up time was 49 days (range, 0 to 1,910 days). The median survival time was 50 days (95% CI, 4 to 194 days). The most common cause of death or euthanasia was hemoabdomen (n = 8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonsurgical management of invasive adrenal tumors was associated with short survival times in this case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.12.0689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T14:24:28Z","timestamp":1712759068000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outcome in dogs with invasive adrenal gland tumors that did not pursue adrenalectomy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle S.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter J.","family":"Piegols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis M.","family":"Lapsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shay","family":"Bracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Selmic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Endocrine tumors","volume":"31","author":"Lurye JC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lurye JC, Behrend EN. Endocrine tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2001;31(5):1083-1110, ix-x. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50014-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"742","article-title":"Perioperative morbidity and mortality in dogs with invasive adrenal neoplasms treated by adrenalectomy and cavotomy","volume":"48","author":"Mayhew PD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayhew PD, Boston SE, Zwingenberger AL,  Perioperative morbidity and mortality in dogs with invasive adrenal neoplasms treated by adrenalectomy and cavotomy. Vet Surg. 2019;48(5):742-750. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13221"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Phrenicoabdominal venotomy for tumor thrombectomy in dogs with adrenal neoplasia and suspected vena caval invasion","volume":"47","author":"Mayhew PD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayhew PD, Culp WTN, Balsa IM, Zwingenberger AL. Phrenicoabdominal venotomy for tumor thrombectomy in dogs with adrenal neoplasia and suspected vena caval invasion. Vet Surg. 2018;47(2):227-235. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12728"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"673","article-title":"Risk factors influencing death prior to discharge in 302 dogs undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of primary adrenal gland tumours","volume":"21","author":"Piegols HJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piegols HJ, Abrams BE, Lapsley JM,  Risk factors influencing death prior to discharge in 302 dogs undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of primary adrenal gland tumours. Vet Comp Oncol. 2023;21(4):673-684. doi:10.1111\/vco.12931"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for outcome associated with adrenal gland tumors with or without invasion of the caudal vena cava and treated via adrenalectomy in dogs: 86 cases (1993-2009)","volume":"242","author":"Barrera JS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrera JS, Bernard F, Ehrhart EJ, Withrow SJ, Monnet E. Evaluation of risk factors for outcome associated with adrenal gland tumors with or without invasion of the caudal vena cava and treated via adrenalectomy in dogs: 86 cases (1993-2009). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;242(12):1715-1721. doi:10.2460\/javma.242.12.1715"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1610","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980-1985)","volume":"191","author":"Bouayad H","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bouayad H, Feeney DA, Caywood DD, Hayden DW. Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980-1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987;191(12):1610-1615."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994-2001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles AE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyles AE, Feldman EC, De Cock HEV,  Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003;223(5):654-662. doi:10.2460\/javma.2003.223.654"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"93","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990-1996)","volume":"37","author":"Anderson CR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson CR, Birchard SJ, Powers BE, Belandria GA, Kuntz CA, Withrow SJ. Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990-1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2001;37(1):93-97. doi:10.5326\/15473317-37-1-93"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"2281","article-title":"Adrenal glands","volume":"2","author":"Adin CA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adin CA, Nelson RW. Adrenal glands. In: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. Vol 2. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018:2281-2290."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"599","article-title":"Outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for small adrenal gland tumours without vascular invasion","volume":"18","author":"Cavalcanti JVJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cavalcanti JVJ, Skinner OT, Mayhew PD, Colee JC, Boston SE. Outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for small adrenal gland tumours without vascular invasion. Vet Comp Oncol. 2020;18(4):599-606. doi:10.1111\/vco.12587"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"790","article-title":"Perioperative management and outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in 9 dogs","volume":"45","author":"Oblak ML","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oblak ML, Bacon NJ, Covey JL. Perioperative management and outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in 9 dogs. Vet Surg. 2016;45(6):790-797. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12514"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"77","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2005)","volume":"232","author":"Schwartz P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schwartz P, Kovak JR, Koprowski A, Ludwig LL, Monette S, Bergman PJ. Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232(1):77-84. doi:10.2460\/javma.232.1.77"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"216","article-title":"Adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumors: 52 cases (2002-2008)","volume":"239","author":"Massari F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massari F, Nicoli S, Romanelli G, Buracco P, Zini E. Adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumors: 52 cases (2002-2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011;239(2):216-221. doi:10.2460\/javma.239.2.216"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"501","article-title":"Clinical features, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs diagnosed with non-cortisol-secreting adrenal tumours without adrenalectomy: 20 cases (1994-2009)","volume":"173","author":"Arenas C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arenas C, P\u00e9rez-Alenza D, Meli\u00e1n C. Clinical features, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs diagnosed with non-cortisol-secreting adrenal tumours without adrenalectomy: 20 cases (1994-2009). Vet Rec. 2013;173(20):501. doi:10.1136\/vr.101691"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"751","article-title":"Variations in surgical technique for adrenalectomy with caudal vena cava venotomy in 19 dogs","volume":"48","author":"Knight RC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knight RC, Lamb CR, Brockman DJ, Lipscomb VJ. Variations in surgical technique for adrenalectomy with caudal vena cava venotomy in 19 dogs. Vet Surg. 2019;48(5):751-759. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13168"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/7\/javma.23.12.0689.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/7\/javma.23.12.0689.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/7\/javma.23.12.0689.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:05:08Z","timestamp":1741334708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/7\/javma.23.12.0689.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.12.0689","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}