{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1783654531908,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize serum biochemical abnormalities in goats with uroliths.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case-control series.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u2014107 male goats with uroliths and 94 male goats with various nonrenal diseases (controls).<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014For male goats, results of serum biochemical analyses collected from 1992 through 2003 were retrieved from computerized records, as were signalment, clinical diagnoses, and discharge status. Results of analyses for BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, Na, K, Cl, total CO2<\/jats:sub>, anion gap, and glucose were compared between goats with uroliths and control goats.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Goats with uroliths had higher mean BUN, creatinine, total CO2<\/jats:sub>, K, and glucose concentrations and lower mean phosphorus, Na, and Cl concentrations than control goats, with no difference in mean calcium concentration and anion gap. Goats with uroliths had higher frequency of azotemia, hypophosphatemia, hypochloridemia, and increased total CO2<\/jats:sub> and lower frequency of decreased total CO2<\/jats:sub> than control goats. Urolithiasis occurred more frequently in castrated males than in sexually intact males and in dwarf African breeds than in other breeds.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Goats with uroliths often had hypophosphatemia at admission. Hypochloridemic metabolic alkalosis was the most common acid-base disorder. Rupture in the urinary tract system was associated with increased prevalence of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Clinicians should be aware of these abnormalities when determining fluid therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.1.101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T19:28:50Z","timestamp":1167766130000},"page":"101-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Serum biochemical abnormalities in goats with uroliths: 107 cases (1992\u20132003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Jeanne W.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Hird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisle W.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"20th Annu Am Coll Vet Intern Med Forum","first-page":"247","article-title":"Urolithiasis: medically speaking, in Proceedings","author":"Navarre","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Goat medicine","first-page":"387","author":"Smith","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"9th Annu Am Coll Vet Intern Med Forum","first-page":"555","article-title":"Clinical management of urolithiasis in small ruminants, in Proceedings","author":"Van Metre","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"317","article-title":"Ostructive urolithiasis in ruminants: medical treatment and urethral surgery","volume":"18","author":"Van Metre","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"S275","article-title":"Obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants: surgical management and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Van Metre","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"823","article-title":"Characterization and treatment of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances of induced urethral obstruction in the cat","volume":"38","author":"Finco","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"57","article-title":"Some observations on serum biochemistry in canine urolithiasis","volume":"17","author":"Goulden","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Metabolic changes due to experimentally induced rupture of the canine urinary bladder","volume":"35","author":"Burrows","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Mod Vet Pract","first-page":"359","article-title":"Management of acute illness in cats. 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