{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T21:27:41Z","timestamp":1794259661833,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine outcome associated with cutaneous tumors treated via intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin and identify risk factors affecting local tumor control and complications in equidae.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014573 equidae with 630 cutaneous tumors.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of horses, mules, donkeys, and ponies with cutaneous tumors treated via intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014549 horses, 13 mules, 8 donkeys, and 3 ponies with 630 histologically confirmed cutaneous tumors were included. Tumors included sarcoids (n = 409), squamous cell carci nomas (151), soft tissue sarcomas (28), cutaneous lymphomas (26), and melanomas (16). Overall cure rate, defined as local control at 4 years, was 93.3%. For all tumor stages combined, cure rates after 1 course of treatment were 96.3% for sarcoids, 96% for lym-phomas, 88% for squamous cell carcinomas, 85% for soft tissue sarcomas, and 81% for melanomas. Treatment protocol, tumor stage, and prior treatment were significant prog nostic factors for tumor control. Treatment efficacy was lower for large tumors, those with gross postoperative residual disease, and those that had been treated previously with other modalities. Treatment was well tolerated. Local reactions were more likely to occur and to be more severe after the third and fourth treatment sessions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results confirmed the value of intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in equidae.The results cannot be extrapolated to other formulations of cisplatin or other protocols that might be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.10.1506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]],"date-time":"2007-05-15T14:09:02Z","timestamp":1179238142000},"page":"1506-1513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Long-term outcome associated with intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for cutaneous tumors in equidae: 573 cases (1995\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Alain P.","family":"Th\u00e9on","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. David","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Gary","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pusterla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack R.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Galuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Cisplatin: chemistry and biochemistry of a leading anticancer drug","author":"Lippert","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Intratumoral cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy: opportunities for non-systemic preoperative drug delivery","volume":"54","author":"Goldberg","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"135","article-title":"Intratumoural administration of cisplatin in slow-release devices. I. Tumour response and toxicity","volume":"27","author":"Deurloo","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on human colon carcinoma cells in vitro","volume":"39","author":"Bergerat","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Curr Med Chem","first-page":"257","article-title":"Cisplatin biochemical mechanism of action: from cytotoxicity to induction of cell death through interconnections between apoptotic and necrotic pathways","volume":"10","author":"Fuertesa","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"NCI Monogr","first-page":"133","article-title":"Improvement of differential toxicity between tumor and normal tissues using intratumoral injection with or without a slow-drug-release matrix system","author":"Begg","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"R\u00e9vue de M\u00e9d\u00e8cine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire","first-page":"605","article-title":"Cutaneous tumor treatment by electrochemotherapy: preliminary clinical results in horse sarcoids","volume":"152","author":"Tamzali","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"261","article-title":"Intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin in oily emulsion in horses","volume":"202","author":"Theon","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"347","article-title":"Intratumoural administration of cisplatin in slow-release devices: II. Pharma-cokinetics and intratumoural distribution","volume":"27","author":"Deurloo","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Head Neck","first-page":"554","article-title":"Biodegradable polymer-mediated intratumoral delivery of cisplatin for treatment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a chimeric mouse model","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"83","article-title":"Intralesional cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and purified collagen treatment of human metastatic malignancies: a feasibility study","volume":"43","author":"Krag","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"229","article-title":"Phase 2 study of intratumoral cisplatin and epinephrine treatment for locally recurrent head and neck tumors","volume":"113","author":"Duvillard","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Arch Dermatol","first-page":"1343","article-title":"Intralesional cisplatin for the treatment of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma","volume":"134","author":"Kempf","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Melanoma Res","first-page":"59","article-title":"Intratumoral cisplatin\/adrenaline injectable gel for the treatment of patients with cutaneous and soft tissue metastases of malignant melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Oratz","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"229","article-title":"Intralesional implant for treatment of primary oral malignant melanoma in dogs","volume":"204","author":"Kitchell","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Clin Dermatol","first-page":"561","article-title":"Implant delivery system: intralesional delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of spontaneous skin tumors in veterinary patients","volume":"9","author":"Orenberg","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Concurrent irradiation and intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin: a pilot study in dogs with spontaneous tumors","volume":"29","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1655","article-title":"Comparison of peri-operative versus postoperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous sarcoids and squamous cell carcinomas in horses","volume":"215","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","first-page":"179","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of local treatment of equine sarcoids with IL-2 or cisplatin\/IL-2","volume":"52","author":"Spoormakers","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"169","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of periorbital sarcoid in the horse: 445 cases from 1974 to 1999","volume":"3","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"237","article-title":"Periocular neurofibrosarcoma in a horse","volume":"4","author":"Strubbe","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"431","article-title":"Comparison of intratumoral administration of cisplatin versus bleomycin for treatment of periocular squamous cell carcinomas in horses","volume":"58","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"TNM classification of tumours in domestic animals","first-page":"12","author":"Owen","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"372","article-title":"Cisplatin treatment for cutaneous tumors","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"659","article-title":"Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"J Am Stat Assoc","first-page":"457","article-title":"Non-parametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"54","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"J R Stat Soc","first-page":"187","article-title":"Regression models and life tables'series B (methodological)","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Perioperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in equidae","volume":"205","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"198","article-title":"Regression models in clinical studies: determining the relationship between predictors and response","volume":"80","author":"Harrell","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"2093","article-title":"Intralesional sustained-release chemotherapy with therapeutic implants for treatment of canine sun-induced squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"31A","author":"Kitchell","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"625","article-title":"Dermatologic tumors (excluding sarcoids)","volume":"14","author":"Johnson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"607","article-title":"Equine sarcoids","volume":"14","author":"Goodrich","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"673","article-title":"Radiation therapy in the horse","volume":"14","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"579","article-title":"Tumors of the eye and ocular adnexal tissues","volume":"14","author":"Rebhun","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Point V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire","first-page":"199","article-title":"Trial treatment of sarcoids in horses with intratumoral injections of bleomycin","volume":"23","author":"Boure","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"NCI Monogr","first-page":"137","article-title":"Response of murine tumors to matrix-associated cisplatin intratumoral implants","author":"Yu","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"27","article-title":"Antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of fluorouracil\/epinephrine injectable gel in C3H mice","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"474","article-title":"Intralesional 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of keloids: an open clinical and histopathologic study","volume":"52","author":"Kontochristopoulos","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Intralesional 5-fluorouracil, lidocaine and epinephrine mixture for the treatment of verrucae: a prospective placebo-controlled, single-blind randomized study","volume":"18","author":"Iscimen","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"72","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of basal cell carcinomas with intralesional 5-fluorouracil\/epinephrine injectable gel","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Head Neck","first-page":"717","article-title":"Intratumoral cisplatin\/epinephrine gel in advanced head and neck cancer: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase III study in North America","volume":"25","author":"Castro","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"101","article-title":"The efficacy of intratumoural 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of equine sarcoids","volume":"84","author":"Stewart","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Anticancer Drugs","first-page":"377","article-title":"Cisplatin microcrystals suspended in oil\u2014toxicity in mice","volume":"4","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumours by electrochemotherapy","volume":"77","author":"Mir","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"Z Naturforsch [C]","first-page":"848","article-title":"[Toxicity and cytostatic effect of PtCl2(NH3)2 after i. v. and i. t. injection (author's transl)]","volume":"35","author":"Wenzel","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"Metal ions in biological systems","first-page":"63","article-title":"Aqueous platinum(II) chemistry; binding to biological molecules","author":"Howe-Grant","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol","first-page":"323","article-title":"Effects of intralesional injection of cisplatin dissolved in urografin and lipiodol on Ehrlich ascites tumor and normal tissues of CD-1 mice","volume":"34","author":"Landrito","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd","first-page":"350","article-title":"Treatment of equine sarcoids with cisplatin in arachid oil: a useful alternative? [in Dutch]","volume":"127","author":"Spoormakers","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"756","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in the foot of a horse","volume":"197","author":"Honnas","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/230\/10\/javma.230.10.1506.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/230\/10\/javma.230.10.1506.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/230\/10\/javma.230.10.1506.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:31:56Z","timestamp":1741354316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/230\/10\/javma.230.10.1506.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.230.10.1506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]}}}