{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:59:55Z","timestamp":1778979595308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe ultrasonographic landmarks for use in collection of CSF from the lumbosacral region in equids.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201437 equids (27 with neurologic disease and 10 with nonneurologic disease).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Standing equids (n = 17) were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (0.006 to 0.01 mg\/kg [0.003 to 0.005 mg\/lb], IV) followed by butorphanol tartrate (0.01 mg\/kg, IV) and restrained with a nose twitch for collection of CSF. The CSF was collected from 20 laterally recumbent equids (10 sedated and 10 immediately after euthanasia). Anatomic landmarks were identified ultrasonographically. Height at the dorsal point of the shoulders, body weight, depth of the spinal needle, number of attempts to collect CSF, and cytologic evaluation of CSF were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Lumbosacral puncture cranial to the cranial border of the most superficial location of both tuber sacrale along the midline was consistently successful for CSF collection (35\/37 equids). Two horses had anatomic abnormalities that precluded CSF collection. Mean number of attempts to collect CSF per animal was 1.1. Height and body weight were strongly correlated with needle depth for CSF collection. Pelvic and sacral displacement was observed in several laterally recumbent animals, which resulted in discrepancies of the midline between the cranial and caudal aspects of the vertebral column. In most equids, the spinal needle was aligned on the midline of the caudal aspect of the vertebral column.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ultrasonography was a useful aid for collection of CSF from the lumbosacral space and decreased the risk of repeated trauma and contamination in equids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.3.378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,3]],"date-time":"2007-02-03T06:41:20Z","timestamp":1170484880000},"page":"378-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Ultrasound-assisted collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbosacral space in equids"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Aleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Borchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Puchalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"246","article-title":"The diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase activity in the horse","volume":"10","author":"Jackson","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"42nd Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"82","article-title":"Usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid indices and the polymerase chain reaction test for Sarcocystis neurona in diagnosing equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, in Proceedings","author":"Miller","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effects of blood contamination of cerebrospinal fluid on western blot analysis for detection of antibodies against 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ultrasonographic mapping of the pelvis in clinically normal horses and ponies","volume":"62","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"840","article-title":"The spinal tap: a new look at an old test","volume":"104","author":"Marton","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Emerg Med","first-page":"351","article-title":"Perils and pitfalls of lumbar puncture in the emergency department","volume":"13","author":"Holgate","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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