{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:45:07Z","timestamp":1792424707112,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u20143 dogs (9 to 12 years old) were evaluated because of recurrent pleural effusion that was refractory to treatment of the underlying cause.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were evaluated because of cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, or lethargy or a combination of these clinical signs. Radiography, ultrasonography, or thoracocentesis were used to confirm the presence of pleural fluid in each dog. A neoplastic cause of pleural effusion was confirmed in 2 dogs. In 1 dog, fasciitis of the mediastinum and the left parietal pleura was diagnosed, with no evidence of neoplasia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each dog was anesthestized, and thoracotomy was performed with manual perforation of the mediastinum. Permanent, subcutaneously placed vascular access ports were attached to intrathoracic, Jackson-Pratt drain tubing for repeated drainage of pleural fluid. Drains were used successfully in the 3 dogs for periods of 6 weeks, 11 weeks, and &gt; 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Findings suggest that subcutaneous vascular access ports attached to intrathoracic drain tubing may be an effective way to remove recurrent pleural effusion in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.4.527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T12:57:48Z","timestamp":1171544268000},"page":"527-531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Use of vascular access ports with intrathoracic drains for treatment of pleural effusion in three dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Alane K.","family":"Cahalane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"Steffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Rassnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"447","article-title":"Canine pleural and mediastinal effusions: a retrospective study of 81 cases","volume":"43","author":"Mellanby","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"387","article-title":"Pleura and pleural space","author":"Monnet","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","article-title":"Marked pleural effusion causing right atrial collapse simulating cardiac tamponade in a dog","author":"Little","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"227","article-title":"Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy experience with six 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