{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T22:53:55Z","timestamp":1782600835715,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 1-year-old sexually intact female Netherland dwarf rabbit was examined because of a 3-week history of signs of lethargy, decreased appetite, left unilateral exophthalmia, a previous draining sinus from a left maxillary facial abscess, and bilateral nasal discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014The rabbit weighed 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) and had a body condition score of 1.5\/5. Physical examination revealed generalized muscle atrophy, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, and severe left-sided exophthalmia. Diagnostic investigation revealed anemia, neutrophilia, severe dental disease, a superficial corneal ulcer of the left eye, and a retrobulbar abscess.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Stomatoscopy-aided dental trimming, tooth removal, and abscess debridement were performed. Antimicrobials were flushed into the tooth abscess cavity, and antimicrobial treatment was initiated on the basis of cytologic findings and results of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing.Two months after the initial surgery, minimal exophthalmia was evident and no further physical, radiographic, or ultrasonographic changes were evident.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Stomatoscopy is a valuable technique that can facilitate diagnosis, treatment, and serial reevaluation of rabbits with dental disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.6.868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]],"date-time":"2007-03-15T17:31:04Z","timestamp":1173979864000},"page":"868-872","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Endosurgical treatment of a retrobulbar abscess in a rabbit"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula M.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara O.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan W.","family":"Blasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pet rabbits","volume":"24","author":"Hillyer","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"A practitioner's guide to rabbits and ferrets","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rabbits","author":"Jenkins","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"In Pract","first-page":"407","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dental disease in pet rabbits","volume":"19","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"392","article-title":"Small mammal endoscopy","author":"Hernandez-Divers","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pharmocokinetics of penicillin-G in serum and nasal washing of Pasterella multocida free and infected rabbits","volume":"37","author":"Welch","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"The biology of the laboratory rabbit","first-page":"467","article-title":"Selected drug dosages and clinical reference data","author":"Gillet","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"227","article-title":"Taenia serialis causing exophthamos in a pet rabbit","volume":"5","author":"O'Relly","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Textbook of rabbit medicine","first-page":"292","article-title":"Ophthalmic diseases","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","first-page":"341","article-title":"Corneal diseases of rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Andrews","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"148","article-title":"Coenurosis in a pet rabbit","volume":"10","author":"Wills","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine","first-page":"113","article-title":"Orbit and globe","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"339","article-title":"Ophthalmologic diseases in small mammals","author":"Kirschner","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","first-page":"629","article-title":"Oral biology and disorders of lagomorphs","volume":"6","author":"Crossley","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Zoo and wild animal medicine","first-page":"711","article-title":"Rabbits, hares and pikas (lagomorpha)","author":"Brook","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"385","article-title":"Malocclusions in guinea pigs, chinchillas and rabbits","volume":"43","author":"Legendre","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Small mammal dentistry, in Proceedings. 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