{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:46:02Z","timestamp":1790289962244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify the most common etiologic diagnosis and any historical, physical, or other diagnostic variables associated with a definitive etiologic diagnosis for chronic nasal discharge in cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201475 cats with nasal discharge of \u2265 1 month's duration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of affected cats were reviewed for information on signalment, clinical signs, duration and type of nasal discharge, results of clinical examination, laboratory findings, and advanced imaging findings.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014A specific etiologic diagnosis for nasal discharge was identified in only 36% of cats. Neoplasia (carcinoma or lymphoma) was the most common etiologic diagnosis. Character and location of nasal discharge did not contribute greatly toward a specific etiologic diagnosis. Sneezing and vomiting were the most common concurrent clinical signs. Routine CBC, serum biochemical panel, and urinalysis did not contribute to a specific etiologic diagnosis. An etiologic diagnosis was more likely in older cats and cats that underwent advanced imaging studies and nasal biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Although advanced diagnostic testing, including imaging studies and biopsy, increases the likelihood of achieving an etiologic diagnosis, the cause of chronic nasal discharge in cats often remains elusive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.7.1032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T13:34:34Z","timestamp":1175434474000},"page":"1032-1037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Chronic nasal discharge in cats: 75 cases (1993\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Demko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah A.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"457","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal diseases in cats: a retrospective study of 53 cases (1991\u20131998)","volume":"35","author":"Allen","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"339","article-title":"Tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses in cats: 32 cases with comparison to a national database (1977\u20131987)","volume":"27","author":"Cox","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"245","article-title":"Investigation of nasal disease in cats\u2014a retrospective study of 77 cases","volume":"6","author":"Henderson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"195","article-title":"Feline inflammatory polyps: historical, clinical, and PCR findings for feline calici virus and feline herpes virus-1 in 28 cases","volume":"4","author":"Veir","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"153","article-title":"Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in cats","volume":"32","author":"Welsh","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Med Vet Mycol","first-page":"133","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in cats: clinical and mycological assessment of 29 cases and evaluation of treatment using orally administered fluconazole","volume":"30","author":"Malik","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Chronic viral upper respiratory disease in cats: differential diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Hawkins","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"759","article-title":"Update on feline calicivirus: new trends","volume":"33","author":"Hurley","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"235","article-title":"Feline nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: clinicopathological study, histomorphological description and diagnostic immunohistochemistry of 123 cases","volume":"3","author":"Mukaratirwa","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Radiographic signs in cats with nasal disease","volume":"5","author":"Lamb","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"73","article-title":"Evaluation of brush cytology in the diagnosis of chronic intranasal disease in cats","volume":"39","author":"Caniatti","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"395","article-title":"Correlation of rhinoscopic signs of inflammation with histologic findings in nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease","volume":"225","author":"Johnson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"385","article-title":"Radiographic findings in cats with intranasal neoplasia or chronic rhinitis: 29 cases (1982\u20131988)","volume":"208","author":"O'Brien","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"279","article-title":"A retrospective study of nonspecific rhinitis in 22 cats and the value of nasal cytology and histopathology","volume":"5","author":"Michiels","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"851","article-title":"Neoplasms of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses in domesticated animals as reported by 13 veterinary colleges","volume":"37","author":"Madewell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"149","article-title":"Feline idiopathic chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective study of 30 cases","volume":"28","author":"Cape","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"865","article-title":"Diseases of the nose and sinuses","volume":"15","author":"Norris","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Textbook of respiratory disease in dogs and cats","first-page":"271","article-title":"Feline viral upper respiratory disease","author":"Radford","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"78","article-title":"Irradiation of nonlymphoproliferative neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in 16 cats","volume":"204","author":"Theon","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1952","article-title":"Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs: 37 cases (1997\u20132002)","volume":"224","author":"Windsor","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"287","article-title":"Prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in Northern Florida","volume":"6","author":"Luria","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"105","article-title":"Feline leukemia virus infection","author":"Cotter","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"84","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus infection","author":"Sellon","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"3","article-title":"2001 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on feline retrovirus testing and management","volume":"5","author":"Levy","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"358","article-title":"A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for cryptococcosis","volume":"74","author":"Malik","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"579","article-title":"Assessment of infectious organisms associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in cats","volume":"227","author":"Johnson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"502","article-title":"Evaluation of serologic and viral detection methods for diagnosing feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats with acute respiratory tract or chronic ocular disease","volume":"214","author":"Maggs","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus type-1 transcription is associated with increased nasal cytokine gene transcription in cats","volume":"108","author":"Johnson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"866","article-title":"Bacterial respiratory infections","author":"Greene","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"526","article-title":"Surgical treatment of chronic nasal discharge in 17 cats","volume":"88","author":"Norsworthy","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/230\/7\/javma.230.7.1032.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/230\/7\/javma.230.7.1032.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/230\/7\/javma.230.7.1032.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:33:02Z","timestamp":1741354382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/230\/7\/javma.230.7.1032.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.230.7.1032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}}}