{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:31:01Z","timestamp":1791815461141,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess results of surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome (including stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and everted laryngeal saccules) in dogs and determine whether dogs with hypoplastic trachea have a less favorable long-term outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201462 dogs with brachycephalic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records from 1991 to 2004 were reviewed for information regarding signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, surgery, and long-term outcome. Surgical outcome was rated by owners as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Common abnormalities, treatments, and long-term outcomes among the 62 dogs were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Predominantly affected breeds included English Bulldog, Pug, and Boston Terrier. Elongated soft palate was the most common abnormality (54\/62 [87.1%] dogs); the most common combination of abnormalities was elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, and everted saccules (16\/62 [25.8%] dogs). The English Bulldog was the most common breed for all abnormalities, including elongated soft palate (27\/54 [50%] dogs), stenotic nares (14\/36 [38.9%] dogs), everted saccules (20\/36 [55.6%] dogs), hypoplastic trachea (7\/13 [53.9%] dogs), and laryngeal collapse (2\/5 [40%]). No dogs had everted saccules alone. Outcome did not differ between dogs under-going staphylectomy by use of laser or scissor resection. Follow-up information was obtained for 34 dogs; 16 (47.1%) had an excellent outcome, and 16 (47.1%) had a good outcome. Overall treatment success rate was 94.2%, and overall mortality rate was 3.2%.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Surgical treatment of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs appeared to be associated with a favorable long-term outcome, regardless of age, breed, specific diagnoses, or number and combinations of diagnoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T13:28:52Z","timestamp":1178026132000},"page":"1324-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Todd W.","family":"Riecks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Birchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Current techniques in small animal surgery","first-page":"358","article-title":"Brachycephalic syndrome","author":"Hedlund","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"538","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction surgery. II. Soft palate resection in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"535","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction surgery. I. Stenotic nares surgery in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"545","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction surgery. III. 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