{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:56:04Z","timestamp":1793163364145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To reexamine (via immunohistochemical techniques) canine tissue samples that had been previously classified as gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas (GILMSs), identify and differentiate gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from GILMSs, and compare the biological behavior and clinical course of GISTs and GILMSs in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201442 dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records of 42 dogs for which a histologic diagnosis of GILMS was confirmed were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, results of initial diagnostic tests, surgical findings, adjunctive treatment, location of the tumor, completeness of resection, and outcome after surgery. Archived tumor tissue specimens from each dog were restained via immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate tumor types. Long-term follow-up information was obtained from the medical record or through telephone interviews with owners and referring veterinarians.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014On the basis of immunohistochemical findings, 28 of 42 tumors were reclassified as GISTs and 4 were reclassified as undifferentiated sarcomas; 10 tumors were GILMSs. In dogs, GISTs developed more frequently in the cecum and large intestine and GILMSs developed more frequently in the stomach and small intestine. Median survival times for dogs with GISTs and GILMSs were 11.6 and 7.8 months, respectively; if only dogs surviving the perioperative period were considered, median survival times were 37.4 and 7.8 months, respectively. These differences, however, were not significant.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014In dogs, many previously diagnosed GILMSs should be reclassified as GISTs on the basis of results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T09:28:52Z","timestamp":1178011732000},"page":"1329-1333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990\u20132003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Kelli N.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Mehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Skorupski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Baez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances S.","family":"Shofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"335","article-title":"Tumors of the intestinal tract","author":"Phillips","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"533","article-title":"Duodenal leiomyosarcoma with multiple hepatic metastases in a dog","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"281","article-title":"Intestinal leiomysarcoma in six dogs","volume":"24","author":"Bruecker","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983\u20131988)","volume":"201","author":"Kapatkin","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"547","article-title":"Nonlymphoid intestinal neoplasia in 32 dogs and 14 cats","volume":"14","author":"Patnaik","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1818","article-title":"Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a dog with intestinal leiomyosarcoma","volume":"215","author":"Cohen","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"377","article-title":"Interstitial cells of Cajal as precursors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"23","author":"Sircar","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Histol Histopathol","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Biological and clinical review of stromal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"15","author":"Nishida","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors\u2014definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis","volume":"438","author":"Miettinen","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Science","first-page":"577","article-title":"Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"279","author":"Hirota","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Molecular pathology of c-kit proto-oncogene and development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"87","author":"Kitamura","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor (GI-PACT): gastrointestinal stromal tumors show phenotypic characteristics of the interstitial cells of Cajal","volume":"152","author":"Kindblom","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"53","article-title":"C-kit mutations occur preferentially in malignant versus benign GISTs and do not occur in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas","volume":"154","author":"Lasota","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Mutations in exon 9 and 13 of KIT gene are rare events in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. 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