{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:26:41Z","timestamp":1792625201033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical and radiographic abnormalities in and outcome of horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to develop a radiographic technique for obtaining a cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique projection of the proximal portion of the humerus in standing horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201415 horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data collected from medical records included signalment, history, horse use, severity and duration of lameness, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All horses had a history of acute, unilateral lameness. Twelve of 15 had visual or palpable abnormalities in the shoulder region. In 6 of 8 horses, the fracture could be seen on a cranioproximal-craniodistal projection of the proximal portion of the humerus. In 2 horses, this was the only projection on which the fracture could be seen, and in an additional 2, this was the projection on which the fracture could be seen most reliably. Ten horses underwent surgery (fragment removal, 7; open reduction and internal fixation, 2; and exploration without fragment removal, 1), and 5 were treated with variable periods of stall rest and turnout. Eleven horses returned to athletic use, including 9 of the 10 treated surgically and 2 of the 5 treated without surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus can return to athletic soundness following treatment and emphasized the need for obtaining a cranioproximal-craniodistal radiographic projection of the proximal portion of the humerus in horses suspected to have an injury in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T13:28:52Z","timestamp":1178026132000},"page":"1350-1355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus in horses: 15 cases (1986\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Dabareiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery P.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary anatomy","first-page":"546","author":"Dyce","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"S39","article-title":"Chip fracture of the greater tubercle of a horse","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"74","article-title":"Fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus in a 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reproducibility of radiographic interpretation of proximal humeral fracture pathoanatomy","volume":"6","author":"Sallay","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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