{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:20:39Z","timestamp":1773314439474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine blood ionized calcium (iCa) and serum total calcium (tCa) concentrations in dogs with blastomycosis and to evaluate whether serum tCa concentration, albumin-adjusted serum calcium concentration (AdjCa-Alb), and total protein\u2013adjusted serum calcium concentration (AdjCa-TP) accurately predict iCa status.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201438 client-owned dogs with a cytologic diagnosis of blastomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were classified as hypocalcemic, normocalcemic, or hypercalcemic on the basis of blood iCa concentration, serum tCa concentration, AdjCa-Alb, and AdjCa-TP; classification on the basis of serum tCa concentration, AdjCa-Alb, and AdjCa-TP was compared with blood iCa concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Except for 2 hypercalcemic dogs, all dogs had blood iCa concentrations within the reference interval. Use of serum tCa concentration overestimated hypocalcemia in 57.9% (22\/38) of dogs and underestimated hypercalcemia in 1 dog. Use of AdjCa-Alb correctly reclassified all dogs as normocalcemic that were classified as hypocalcemic on the basis of serum tCa concentration, but failed to predict hypercalcemia in 1 dog. Use of AdjCa-TP correctly reclassified all but 2 dogs as normocalcemic that were classified as hypocalcemic on the basis of serum tCa concentration, and failed to predict hypercalcemia in 1 dog. No correlation was found between blood iCa concentration and serum concentrations of tCa, total protein, and albumin; AdjCa-Alb; or AdjCa-TP.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014High blood iCa concentration was uncommon in dogs with blastomycosis. Hypoalbuminemia contributed to a low serum tCa concentration despite a blood iCa concentration within reference limits. The use of serum tCa concentration, AdjCa-Alb, and AdjCa-TP may fail to identify a small number of dogs with high blood iCa concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.10.1545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]],"date-time":"2007-11-19T12:54:30Z","timestamp":1195476870000},"page":"1545-1549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of total and ionized calcium status in dogs with blastomycosis: 38 cases (1997\u20132006)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Crews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie C.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Feeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl R.","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Ruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology","first-page":"401","article-title":"Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and their regulatory hormones","author":"Stockham","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice","first-page":"122","article-title":"Disorders of calcium: hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia","author":"Schenck","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"569","article-title":"Blastomycosis","author":"Legendre","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Canine blastomycosis: a review of 47 clinical 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disseminated coccidioidomycosis","volume":"327","author":"Caldwell","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med","first-page":"442","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: a clinical review","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hypercalcemia associated with granulomatous lymphadenitis and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration in a dog","volume":"47","author":"Mellanby","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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