{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:38:46Z","timestamp":1782491926978,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u20146 alpaca crias from a single farm were examined because of diarrhea (n = 4) or decreased fecal production (n = 2).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic> was identified by means of fecal flotation in samples from 5 of the 6 crias, and a diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made. In the remaining cria, a presumptive diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made. Three people involved in caring for the crias from this farm were subsequently confirmed to have cryptosporidiosis, and 3 other people were suspected to have cryptosporidiosis. Sequence analysis of the ssu rDNA gene loci confirmed <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> as the causative agent in 4 of the 6 crias. Subsequent evaluation of the farm revealed 2 additional crias confirmed to have cryptosporidiosis. Stocking densities on the farm were high, with approximately 20 adults\/acre in some pastures.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014All 6 hospitalized crias were given supportive treatment consisting of antimicrobials, gastroprotectants, and fluids. All but 1 survived. Farm owners were advised to decrease stocking density on the farm.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Findings suggested that zoonotic transmission of <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> from alpacas to humans can occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.10.1562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]],"date-time":"2007-11-19T12:54:30Z","timestamp":1195476870000},"page":"1562-1567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among alpaca crias and their human caregivers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Starkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussni O.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolarity in 6 neonatal llamas and alpacas","volume":"217","author":"Cebra","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1623","article-title":"Factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum versus Cryptosporidium bovis among dairy cattle in New York State","volume":"229","author":"Starkey","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"319","article-title":"Total parenteral nutrition in a neonatal llama","volume":"196","author":"Hovda","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","first-page":"239","article-title":"Update on llama medicine. 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