{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:53:15Z","timestamp":1773017595292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A closed herd of 400 mixed-breed dairy goats was examined because of a decrease in milk production and increase in mortality rate. Nine animals had died within a 1-month period.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical signs were evident only in lactating goats and included anorexia and recumbency. In the most severely affected goats, signs progressed to neurologic abnormalities and death. Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, \u03b3-glutamyltransferase activity, and total bilirubin concentration were high in clinically affected does, but no evidence of hemolysis was found. A diagnosis of copper toxicosis was made on the basis of high liver and kidney copper concentrations and histologic evidence of hepatic necrosis. Goats were found to have been fed a mineral mix containing 3,050 ppm copper for 9 months prior to the onset of copper toxicosis. Overall, there was no consistent relationship between serum hepatic enzyme activities, serum copper concentration, and liver copper concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinically affected goats were treated with penicillamine, ammonium molybdate, sodium thiosulfate, and vitamin E. Penicillamine increased urine copper excretion in treated does versus untreated control animals. An increased incidence of infectious disease was identified in the herd 9 months later. Liver vitamin E concentration was low in 10 of the 12 goats that underwent necropsy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Findings suggested that penicillamine may be an effective treatment for goats with copper toxicosis. Production losses months after the diagnosis was made suggested that the intoxication had a prolonged animal welfare and economic impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.4.586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,15]],"date-time":"2007-08-15T13:47:01Z","timestamp":1187185621000},"page":"586-589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Copper toxicosis in a dairy goat herd"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cornish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Angelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Puschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisle","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Nutrient requirements of small ruminants sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids","first-page":"276","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Large animal internal medicine","first-page":"1996","article-title":"Copper toxicosis","author":"George","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","first-page":"563","article-title":"Clinical nutrition of sheep and goats","volume":"6","author":"Donoghue","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Annu Rev Nutr","first-page":"121","article-title":"The interactions between copper, molybdenum, and sulphur in ruminant nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Suttle","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"295","article-title":"The effect of oral ammonium molybdate and sodium thiosulfate given to lambs with high liver copper concentrations","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Manual of equine emergencies","first-page":"805t","author":"Orsini","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","first-page":"561","article-title":"Effects of daily oral administration of copper to goats","volume":"19","author":"Soli","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Chronic copper toxicity in Nubian goats","volume":"87","author":"Adam","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Small Rumin Res","first-page":"127","article-title":"Effects of high copper supplements on performance, health, plasma copper and enzymes in goats","volume":"41","author":"Solaiman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"71","article-title":"Assessment of some blood parameters as potential markers of hepatic copper accumulation in cattle","volume":"18","author":"Lopez-Alonso","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Med","first-page":"537","article-title":"Effects of d-penicillamine on urinary copper excretion in high-copper supplemented sheep","volume":"48","author":"Humann-Ziehank","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Br J Nutr","first-page":"457","article-title":"Intravenous administration of thiomolybdate for the prevention and treatment of chronic copper poisoning in sheep","volume":"46","author":"Gooneratne","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol","first-page":"409","article-title":"The cupuretic effect of two chelators following copper loading in sheep","volume":"35","author":"Botha","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effect of selenium and vitamin E on immune response of domestic animals","volume":"60","author":"Finch","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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