{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:16:43Z","timestamp":1793654203503,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (mBT) procedure and assess its use in dogs with clinical signs associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Descriptive report.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 dogs with severe TOF-associated clinical signs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each dog had TOF (confirmed echocardiographically or angiographically) and underwent an mBT shunt procedure for surgical palliation of signs. The surgery was performed through a left fourth rib resection or a left fifth intercostal thoracotomy. The left subclavian artery was dissected free from surrounding mediastinal tissue. The main pulmonary artery trunk was exposed through an incision in the overlying pericardium. A shunt comprised of a 6-mm-diameter tube of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (5 dogs) or a segment of carotid artery (1 dog) was sutured end to side between the left subclavian artery and pulmonary artery trunk.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u20145 of the 6 dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. The dog that died shortly after surgery was the smallest of the dogs (weight, 2.9 kg [6.38 lb]) and had received the carotid artery autograft. Three dogs survived long term and 2 dogs died of unknown causes 6 years after undergoing the mBT shunt procedure. In all dogs that survived the mBT procedure, shunt patency was confirmed and quality of life appeared improved.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014These findings have suggested that the mBT shunt procedure safely provides long-term palliation of TOF-associated clinical signs in dogs. In addition, it may offer an effective low-risk and lower-cost alternative to open heart repair of TOF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.5.721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T15:04:43Z","timestamp":1188659083000},"page":"721-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Long-term palliation of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs by use of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Brockman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. William","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrill E.","family":"Theman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"187","article-title":"Hereditary defects of the conotruncal septum in Keeshond dogs: pathologic and genetic studies","volume":"34","author":"Patterson","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"153","article-title":"Hereditary congenital heart defects in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Patterson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Hum Genet","first-page":"368","article-title":"The Keeshond defect in cardiac conotruncal development is oligogenic","volume":"116","author":"Werner","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Hum Genet","first-page":"388","article-title":"A single major-gene defect underlying cardiac conotruncal malformations interferes with myocardial growth during embryonic development: studies in the CTD line of Keeshond dogs","volume":"52","author":"Patterson","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser","first-page":"315","article-title":"Lesion-specific genetic factors in canine congenital heart diseases: patent ductus arteriosus in Poodles, defects of the conotruncal septum in the Keeshond","volume":"14","author":"Patterson","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Canine and feline cardiology","first-page":"457","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders","author":"Buchanan","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"33","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot in the dog: clinical findings in 13 cases","volume":"24","author":"Ringwald","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs","volume":"219","author":"Orton","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"1556","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot: surgical management individualized to the patient","volume":"71","author":"Fraser","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"418","article-title":"Direct vision intracardiac surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot, pentalogy of Fallot, and pulmonary atresia defects; 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