{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:09:48Z","timestamp":1761894588308,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the incidence of unilaterally castrated horses among horses admitted to the hospital for castration and to compare horses that underwent previous unilateral castration with horses that had cryptorchism.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 unilaterally castrated horses and 44 cryptorchid horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of horses that were admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital for castration, including cryptorchid and unilaterally castrated horses, between January 2002 and December 2006 were reviewed. Medical records of unilaterally castrated horses and cryptorchid horses were examined for age, breed, history, diagnostic procedures, surgical technique of cryptorchidectomy, location of the retained testicle, and cost of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Of 160 horses admitted for castration, 16 (10%) had undergone previous unilateral castration and 44 (27.5%) had cryptorchidism. Unilaterally castrated horses were significantly older than cryptorchid horses. No significant difference was found in left versus right distribution of testicles. No significant difference was found in abdominal versus inguinal distribution of left-sided testicles. Unilaterally castrated horses had a significantly lower proportion of right inguinal testicles, compared with cryptorchid horses. The cost of diagnosis and management of unilaterally castrated horses was significantly greater than in cryptorchid horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicated that the distribution of retained testicles is significantly different in unilaterally castrated horses, compared with cryptorchid horses, which may affect the selection of diagnostic and surgical approaches to unilaterally castrated horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.6.931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,15]],"date-time":"2007-09-15T19:24:15Z","timestamp":1189884255000},"page":"931-934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of the diagnosis and management of unilaterally castrated and cryptorchid horses at a referral hospital: 60 cases (2002\u20132006)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"John F.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. David","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine surgery","first-page":"775","article-title":"The testis","author":"Schumacher","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"467","article-title":"Epidemiological features of 5009 cases of equine Cryptorchidism","volume":"18","author":"Hayes","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"343","article-title":"Retrospective study of 350 cases of equine cryptorchidism","volume":"172","author":"Stickle","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"425","article-title":"The castration of horses: or castration of half a horse?","volume":"93","author":"Cox","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"203","article-title":"Equine hemi-castration: review of the condition, prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and surgical management","volume":"83","author":"Maxwell","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"502","article-title":"de Ban NE. Castration of horses and complications arising from the procedure","volume":"87","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Some observations on cryptorchidism in the horse","volume":"76","author":"Bishop","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"113","article-title":"An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism","volume":"11","author":"Cox","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"242","article-title":"Use of transabdominal ultrasonography to determine the location of cryptorchid testes in the horse","volume":"38","author":"Schambourg","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Equine diagnostic and surgical laparoscopy","first-page":"149","article-title":"Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in the dorsally recumbent horse","author":"Fischer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine reproduction","first-page":"658","article-title":"Physiology and endocrinology","author":"Amann","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"347","article-title":"Laparoscopy as an aid in the surgical management of the equine hemicastrate","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/231\/6\/javma.231.6.931.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/231\/6\/javma.231.6.931.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/231\/6\/javma.231.6.931.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:07:23Z","timestamp":1741356443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/231\/6\/javma.231.6.931.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.231.6.931","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,15]]}}}