{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:58:28Z","timestamp":1793444308139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe use of transurethral cystoscope\u2013guided laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of cystic and urethral uroliths and determine procedure duration and short-term and long-term outcome in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201473 dogs with naturally occurring uroliths in the urinary bladder, urethra, or both.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Transurethral cystoscope\u2013guided laser lithotripsy was performed in all dogs, and medical records were reviewed for short-term and long-term outcome and complications.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Laser lithotripsy resulted in complete fragmentation of all uroliths in all 28 female dogs and a majority of male dogs (39\/45 [86.7%]). Dogs with urethroliths had shorter median laser time than dogs with cystic uroliths. Basket extraction and voiding urohydro-propulsion were successful for removal of the urolith fragments following laser lithotripsy. Complications related to cystoscope-guided laser lithotripsy occurred in 5 of 28 (17.9%) female dogs and 6 of 45 (13.3%) male dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Transurethral cystoscope\u2013guided laser lithotripsy was successful in female dogs and most male dogs for fragmentation of cystic and urethral uroliths. Short-term complications were most commonly related to urethral swelling and resolved with placement of an indwelling urinary catheter. There were no long-term complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.11.1680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T12:23:29Z","timestamp":1212409409000},"page":"1680-1687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Use of laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of uroliths in dogs: 73 cases (2005\u20132006)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Larry G.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrius H.","family":"Bagley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Campbell's urology","first-page":"3361","article-title":"Surgical management of urinary lithiasis","author":"Lingeman","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Endourologic use of the holmium laser","author":"Bagley","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg","first-page":"13","article-title":"The holmium laser in urology","volume":"16","author":"Wollin","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"293","article-title":"Electrohydraulic and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy","volume":"29","author":"Adams","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"531","article-title":"Use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for treatment of nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis in five 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