{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:33:49Z","timestamp":1770219229749,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate long-term outcome following nitinol stent placement in dogs with tracheal collapse.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201412 client-owned dogs with endoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse refractory to medical management.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for 12 dogs in which 1 or more self-expanding nitinol stents were placed for the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse. A total of 17 stents were placed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Survival times after stent placement ranged from 1 to 48 months. Three of 12 dogs died within 6 months after stent placement. Nine dogs survived &gt; 1 year after stent placement, and 7 dogs survived &gt; 2 years. Of the deceased dogs, 5 of 9 succumbed to tracheal disease. Other causes of death included congestive heart failure, cerebral neoplasia, cerebrovascular accident, and renal failure. Material failure (stent fracture) was a common complication (5\/12 dogs). Other complications reported included excessive granulation tissue within the stent lumen, tracheitis, and pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Placement of an intraluminal stent with self-expanding nitinol stents was a successful palliative treatment for tracheal collapse in dogs that did not respond to medical management. Disease progression is inevitable, but substantial improvement in respiratory function may be achieved for a period of months to years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.2.228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]],"date-time":"2008-01-15T14:07:35Z","timestamp":1200406055000},"page":"228-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Self-expanding nitinol stents for the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs: 12 cases (2001\u20132004)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Sura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delbert J.","family":"Krahwinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"858","article-title":"Diseases of the trachea and bronchi","author":"Nelson","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"373","article-title":"Tracheal collapse","volume":"28","author":"Payne","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"191","article-title":"Tracheal collapse in the dog\u2014is there really a role for surgery? 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