{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:59:17Z","timestamp":1780563557196,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe and evaluate the outcome of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20144 incontinent male dogs with intramural ureteral ectopia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Intramural ectopic ureters were diagnosed via preoperative computed tomography\u2013IV urography and subsequent cystoscopy. Transurethral cystoscopic-guided laser ablation (diode laser [n = 3 dogs] and holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser [1]) was performed to proximally relocate the ectopic ureteral orifice to the urinary bladder. Fluoroscopy was used during the procedures to confirm that the ureteral tract was intramural and the ureteral orifice was intravesicular after the procedure. In 1 dog with bilateral ureteral ectopia, staged laser ablation was performed at 6-week intervals because of difficulty viewing the second ureter on the first attempt. All ureteral orifices were initially located in the middle to proximal portion of the prostatic portion of the urethra. Six weeks after surgery, imaging was repeated in 3 of 4 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Postoperative dysuria or hematuria did not develop. All dogs were immediately continent after laser treatment and remained so at a median follow-up period of 18 months (range, 15 to 20 months) without medical management.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ureteral ectopia can cause urinary incontinence in male dogs and is usually associated with other urinary tract abnormalities. Cystoscopicguided laser ablation provided an effective and minimally invasive alternative to surgical management of intramural ureteral ectopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.7.1026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T14:57:40Z","timestamp":1207061860000},"page":"1026-1034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006\u20132007)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Porat-Mosenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"17","article-title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of ectopic ureters","volume":"15","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"395","article-title":"Ectopic ureterocele in a male dog: a case report and review of surgical management","volume":"42","author":"Tattersall","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Congenital ectopic ureters in a continent male dog and cat","volume":"224","author":"Steffey","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"73","article-title":"Surgery of 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analysis of 54 cases","volume":"139","author":"Aaron","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"69","article-title":"Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the male dog: importance of bladder neck position, proximal urethral length and castration","volume":"39","author":"Power","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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