{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:09:49Z","timestamp":1771610989296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201482 horses undergoing permanent tracheostomy.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data obtained from medical records included signalment, diagnosis, surgical technique, complications, use of the horse before and after surgery, and owner satisfaction. Follow-up information was obtained through a telephone questionnaire administered to owners.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Indications for permanent tracheostomy included nasopharyngeal cicatrix (n = 59), arytenoid chondropathy (55), and laryngeal hemiplegia (20); 54 horses had multiple indications for tracheostomy. Complications identified prior to discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 8), transient fever (10), and excessive swelling (13). Complications identified after discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 3), inversion of skin (2), and stenosis of the tracheostomy requiring repair (1). Long-term follow-up information was available for 64 horses. Fifty-seven of the 64 (89%) horses returned to their previous use, and owners of 63 (98%) horses reported being very satisfied with the results. The owner of 1 (2%) horse was unsatisfied with the results. The 1-year survival rate was 97% (95% confidence interval, 95% to 100%). Mean estimated truncated survival time (ie, failure-free period) was 9.7 years (95% confidence interval, 9.3 to 10.1 years).<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that permanent tracheostomy can be safely performed in standing horses and was a viable treatment for horses with obstructive disease of the upper respiratory tract that was unresponsive to medical treatment or other surgical treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.9.1352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T11:51:31Z","timestamp":1209642691000},"page":"1352-1356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses: 82 cases (1995\u20132005)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"A. Berkley","family":"Chesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Rakestraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"231","article-title":"Permanent tracheostomy in standing horses: technique and results","volume":"24","author":"McClure","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"939","article-title":"Permanent tracheostomy in Equidae: 47 cases (1981\u20131986)","volume":"192","author":"Shappell","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine medicine and surgery","first-page":"424","article-title":"Diseases of the trachea","volume":"Vol 1","author":"Honnas","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"364","article-title":"Arytenoidectomy for advanced unilateral chondropathy with accompanying lesions","volume":"19","author":"Dean","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"13","article-title":"A procedure for permanent tracheostomy and its effects on tracheal mucosa","volume":"11","author":"Hedlund","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Equine surgery.","first-page":"610","article-title":"Trachea","author":"Auer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"239","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal cicatrices in horses: 47 cases (1972\u20131985)","volume":"191","author":"Schumacher","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"40","article-title":"Equine nasopharyngeal cicatrix syndrome","author":"Rakestraw","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Curr Probl Surg","first-page":"3","article-title":"Surgery of the trachea","volume":"7","author":"Grillo","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"585","article-title":"Permanent tracheostomy: perioperative and long-term data from 34 cases","volume":"24","author":"Hedlund","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/232\/9\/javma.232.9.1352.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/232\/9\/javma.232.9.1352.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/232\/9\/javma.232.9.1352.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:26:57Z","timestamp":1741354017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/232\/9\/javma.232.9.1352.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.232.9.1352","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]}}}