{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:23:09Z","timestamp":1770434589751,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201432 specific-pathogen\u2013free kittens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Kittens were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: neutering at 7, 8, or 9 weeks of age or no neutering. All kittens were inoculated with modified-live virus vaccines against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) at 8, 11, and 14 weeks of age and inactivated rabies virus (RV) at 14 weeks of age. Serum antibody titers against FPV, FHV, and FCV were determined at 8, 9, 11, 14, and 17 weeks of age; RV titers were determined at 14 and 17 weeks of age.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serologic responses of kittens neutered at the time of first vaccination (8 weeks) were not different from those of kittens neutered 1 week before (7 weeks) or 1 week after (9 weeks) first vaccination or from those of kittens that were not neutered. In total, 31%, 0%, 69%, and 9% of kittens failed to develop adequate titers against FPV, FCV, FHV, and RV, respectively, by 17 weeks of age.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Neutering at or near the time of first vaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine did not impair antibody responses in kittens. Many kittens that were last vaccinated at 14 weeks of age had inadequate antibody titers at 17 weeks of age. Kittens may be vaccinated in the perioperative period when necessary, and the primary vaccination series should be extended through at least 16 weeks of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.1.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T13:27:59Z","timestamp":1214918879000},"page":"116-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Reese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin V.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia J.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Dubovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolan D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. Cynda","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1405","article-title":"The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel report","volume":"229","author":"Richards","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"The cat diseases and clinical management","first-page":"479","article-title":"Feline panleukopenia and other enteric viral diseases","author":"Pollock","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Res","first-page":"319","article-title":"Feline calicivirus","volume":"38","author":"Radford","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Res","first-page":"337","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus","volume":"38","author":"Gaskell","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"482","article-title":"When to neuter dogs and cats: a survey of New York state veterinarians' practices and beliefs","volume":"38","author":"Spain","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Hosp Med","first-page":"658","article-title":"Effects of anaesthesia on the human immune system","volume":"60","author":"Hunter","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"355","article-title":"Immunologic aspects of veterinary anesthesia and analgesia","volume":"226","author":"Kona-Boun","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"115","article-title":"Severity, time, and E-adrenergic receptor involvement in surgery-induced immune alterations","volume":"80","author":"Nelson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax","first-page":"165","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of an immunization against parvovirus and rabies in anesthetized puppies","volume":"18","author":"Mayr","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"2523","article-title":"Antibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Burns","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"52","article-title":"Response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering","volume":"230","author":"Fischer","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"29","article-title":"Immunological responses after vaccination preand post-surgery in dogs","volume":"57","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"556","article-title":"The effect of surgery in dogs on the response to concomitant distemper vaccination","volume":"56","author":"Kelly","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"56","article-title":"Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6to 14-week-old kittens","volume":"202","author":"Faggella","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy XII: small animal practice","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Early neutering of the dog and cat","author":"Stubbs","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"914","article-title":"Animal welfare forum: overpopulation of unwanted dogs and cats. 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