{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:32:22Z","timestamp":1790397142384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate pituitary-adrenal function in critically ill dogs with sepsis, severe trauma, and gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV).<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201431 ill dogs admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at Washington State University or the University of Pennsylvania; all dogs had acute critical illness for < 48 hours prior to admission.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Baseline and ACTH-stimulated serum cortisol concentrations and baseline plasma ACTH concentrations were assayed for each dog within 24 hours after admission to the ICU. The change in cortisol concentrations (\u0394-cortisol) was calculated for each dog. Morbidity and mortality data were recorded for each patient.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Overall, 17 of 31 (55%) acutely critically ill dogs had at least 1 biochemical abnormality suggestive of adrenal gland or pituitary gland insufficiency. Only 1 (3%) dog had an exaggerated response to ACTH stimulation. Dogs with \u0394-cortisol \u2264 83 nmol\/L were 5.7 times as likely to be receiving vasopressors as were dogs with \u0394-cortisol > 83 nmol\/L. No differences were detected among dogs with sepsis, severe trauma, or GDV with respect to mean baseline and ACTH-stimulated serum cortisol concentrations, \u0394-cortisol, and baseline plasma ACTH concentrations.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Biochemical abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis indicative of adrenal gland or pituitary gland insufficiency were common in critically ill dogs, whereas exaggerated responses to ACTH administration were uncommon. Acutely ill dogs with \u0394-cortisol \u2264 83 nmol\/L may be more likely to require vasopressors as part of the treatment plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.1.87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T13:27:59Z","timestamp":1214918879000},"page":"87-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pituitary-adrenal function in dogs with acute critical illness"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid P.","family":"Groman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen N.","family":"Behrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Kemppainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie R.","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy C.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"543","article-title":"Endocrine profiles for outcome prediction from the intensive care unit","volume":"21","author":"Jarek","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"25","article-title":"Physiologic functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions","volume":"5","author":"Munck","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"489","article-title":"Hypocortisolemia and adrenocortical responsiveness at onset of septic shock","volume":"20","author":"Moran","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"29","article-title":"Variations in adrenocortical responsiveness during severe bacterial infections. 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