{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:28:31Z","timestamp":1775111311748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (DDC) oral rabies vaccine (ORV) program in Texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective benefit-cost analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Pertinent economic data were collected in 20 counties of south Texas affected by a DDC-variant rabies epizootic. The costs and benefits afforded by a DDC ORV program were then calculated. Costs were the total expenditures of the ORV program. Benefits were the savings associated with the number of potentially prevented human postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments and animal rabies tests for the DDC-variant rabies virus in the epizootic area and an area of potential disease expansion.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Total estimated benefits of the program approximately ranged from $89 million to $346 million, with total program costs of $26,358,221 for the study period. The estimated savings (ie, damages avoided) from extrapolated numbers of PEP treatments and animal rabies tests yielded benefit-cost ratios that ranged from 3.38 to 13.12 for various frequen-cies of PEP and animal testing.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014In Texas, the use of ORV stopped the northward spread and led to the progressive elimination of the DDC variant of rabies in coyotes (<jats:italic>Canis latrans<\/jats:italic>). The decision to implement an ORV program was cost-efficient, although many unknowns were involved in the original decision, and key economic variables were identified for consideration in future planning of ORV programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.11.1736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T13:50:04Z","timestamp":1228139404000},"page":"1736-1741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog\u2013coyote rabies epizootic: 1995\u20132006"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Shwiff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katy N.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray T.","family":"Sterner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Rabies","first-page":"163","article-title":"Animal rabies","author":"Niezgoda","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"540","article-title":"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2006","volume":"231","author":"Blanton","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Pharmacoeconomics","first-page":"365","article-title":"A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies, part 1: global impact and rabies in humans","volume":"14","author":"Meltzer","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Pharmacoeconomics","first-page":"481","article-title":"A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies, part 2: rabies in dogs, livestock and wildlife","volume":"14","author":"Meltzer","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vertebrate Pest 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