{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:00:46Z","timestamp":1792598446914,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of hemorrhage from the vulva and suspected hematuria of 5 days' duration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014A primary coagulopathy was ruled out on the basis of results of hematologic testing. Vaginoscopy and cystoscopy revealed a large bleeding mass in the bladder that extended into the vagina, causing marked obliteration of normal urogenital structures and difficulty in urination. Histologic examination of endoscopic and surgical biopsy speci-mens revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasia likely of mesenchymal origin. Chronic suppurative cystitis caused by <jats:italic>Streptococcus zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic> was also diagnosed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The tumor continued to grow despite treatment with doxorubicin and, within 45 days, was causing substantial discomfort and stranguria. Given the grave prognosis, the horse was euthanized. At necropsy, the tumor was found to have caused widespread destruction of the urinary bladder and to have invaded the broad ligament of the uterus. The mass was identified as a poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma on the basis of results of histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for \u03b1-actin.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Findings suggested that leiomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining horses with urogenital bleeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.12.1908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,15]],"date-time":"2008-12-15T14:30:47Z","timestamp":1229351447000},"page":"1908-1912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the urogenital tract in a horse"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Samuel D. A.","family":"Hurcombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Slovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine W.","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Oglesbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"267","article-title":"Clinical and clinicopathologic variables in adult horses receiving blood transfusions: 31 cases (1999\u20132005)","volume":"231","author":"Hurcombe","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Tumors of domestic animals","first-page":"458","article-title":"Tumors of the urinary system","author":"Moulton","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"835","article-title":"Urinary tract neoplasia","author":"Cornelisse","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"495","article-title":"Urinary tract neoplasia","volume":"14","author":"Traub-Dargatz","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"832","article-title":"Obstructive diseases of the urinary tract","author":"Dusterdiek","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"246","article-title":"Encrusted cystitis secondary to Corynebacterium matruchotii infection in a horse","volume":"226","author":"Saulez","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"201","article-title":"Macroscopic haematuria of horses","volume":"14","author":"Schumacher","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"67","article-title":"Haematuria, pigmenturia and proteinuria in exercising horses","volume":"27","author":"Schott","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"263","article-title":"Renal papillary necrosis in the horse","volume":"182","author":"Gunson","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"51","article-title":"HHF35, a muscle-actin-specific monoclonal antibody. 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