{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:12:51Z","timestamp":1761894771204,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize ruptures of collateral ligaments (CLs) in metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201417 horses with ruptured CLs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data were obtained from medical records, including signalment, history, clinical signs, ultrasonographic and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Additional follow-up information was obtained from owners or referring veterinarians.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The lateral CL was ruptured in 11 horses; the medial CL was ruptured in 6 horses. Ultrasonography revealed ipsilateral rupture of the short and long components of the CL in 11 horses and rupture of only 1 component in 6 horses. No biaxial ruptures were detected, but 9 horses had desmitis of the CL on the nonruptured side of the affected joint. All horses were lame (lameness score range, 2\/5 to 4\/5). Joint instability was palpable in 9 horses; only 4 horses had episodes of joint luxation. Avulsion fractures were identified radiographically in 6 horses and ultrasonographically in another 2 horses. Stress radiography revealed joint instability in 10 horses. Horses were managed by stall confinement, limb immobilization, and gradual return to exercise. Eight horses returned to riding, 2 resumed breeding, 2 were retired, 2 were euthanized, and 3 were doing well 86 to 139 days after injury.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ultrasonographic examination is indicated in horses with acute lameness and swelling at the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint, particularly when stress radiography cannot be performed or findings are equivocal. Affected horses can be conservatively managed. Prognosis for athletic use may be better than originally believed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.3.456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T12:13:33Z","timestamp":1217592813000},"page":"456-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Rupture of collateral ligaments in metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses: 17 cases (1999\u20132005)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Wade A.","family":"Tenney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Whitcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse","first-page":"348","article-title":"The metacarpophalangeal joint","author":"Richardson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"310","article-title":"Radiographic anatomy of soft tissue attachments in the equine metacarpophalangeal and proximal phalangeal region","volume":"24","author":"Weaver","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ultrasonographic anatomy of the dorsal and abaxial aspects of the equine fetlock","volume":"28","author":"Denoix","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine diagnostic ultrasound","first-page":"39","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasonography","author":"Reef","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"295","article-title":"Luxation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses","volume":"19","author":"Yovich","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"7","article-title":"Instability-induced osteoarthritis in the metacarpophalangeal joint of horses","volume":"60","author":"Simmons","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Q","first-page":"57","article-title":"The use of a polypropylene mesh for treatment of ruptured collateral ligaments of the equine metatarsophalangeal joint: a report of two cases","volume":"22","author":"van der Harst","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Adams' lameness in horses","first-page":"645","article-title":"Lameness","author":"Stashak","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"87","article-title":"Use of carbon fibre implants in the treatment of fetlock joint dislocation in two horses","volume":"114","author":"Edwards","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"A clinico-pathological study of racing accidents in horses","first-page":"45","author":"Vaughan","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"O'Brien's radiology for the ambulatory equine practitioner","first-page":"129","article-title":"Radiographic interpretation of the fetlock","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse","first-page":"421","article-title":"The metatarsophalangeal joint","author":"Ross","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/3\/javma.233.3.456.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/3\/javma.233.3.456.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/3\/javma.233.3.456.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:53:37Z","timestamp":1741355617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/3\/javma.233.3.456.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.233.3.456","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}}}