{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:05:24Z","timestamp":1768701924967,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether infection with or exposure to <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp was associated with idiopathic rhinitis in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201444 dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge and 63 age- and weight-matched control dogs without nasal discharge and no clinical signs of bartonellosis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum was tested for antibodies against <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bartonella vinsonii<\/jats:italic> subsp <jats:italic>berkhoffii<\/jats:italic> with indirect fluorescent antibody assays. Blood was tested for <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> DNA with a PCR assay.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of the antibody and PCR assays were negative for all 44 dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge. One control dog had antibodies against <jats:italic>B henselae<\/jats:italic>; a second control dog had positive PCR assay results. We did not detect a significant association between assay results and group designation.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The present study failed to confirm an association between idiopathic rhinitis and exposure to or infection with <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp in dogs. Findings do not rule out the possibility that <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infection may cause nasal discharge in some dogs, but the failure to find any evidence of exposure to or infection with <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp in dogs with idiopathic nasal discharge suggested that <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infection was not a common cause of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.4.597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]],"date-time":"2008-08-18T12:20:30Z","timestamp":1219062030000},"page":"597-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Failure to identify an association between serologic or molecular evidence of Bartonella infection and idiopathic rhinitis in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Eleanor C.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Guptill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry S.","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Birkenheuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Evaluation of rhinoscopy and rhinoscopy-assisted mucosal biopsy in diagnosis of nasal disease in dogs: 119 cases (1985\u20131989)","volume":"201","author":"Forbes Lent","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim 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risk factors and clinical signs associated with seropositivity in dogs","volume":"66","author":"Henn","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"154","article-title":"Endocarditis in a dog due to infection with a novel Bartonella subspecies","volume":"33","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"37","article-title":"Granulomatous disease associated with Bartonella infection in two dogs","volume":"14","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"4670","article-title":"Bartonella henselae and Bartonella elizabethae as potential canine pathogens","volume":"40","author":"Mexas","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"250","article-title":"Molecular detection of microbes in nasal tissue of dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic 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dogs","volume":"219","author":"Honadel","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"467","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of the risk factors associated with exposure and seroreactivity to Bartonella vinsonii in dogs","volume":"58","author":"Pappalardo","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"92","article-title":"Clinicopathological abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens","volume":"40","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2529","article-title":"Bartonella species as a potential cause of epistaxis in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"179","article-title":"Clinical features of epistaxis in dogs: a retrospective study of 35 cases (1999\u20132002)","volume":"41","author":"Strasser","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Microbiol Methods","first-page":"273","article-title":"A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates","volume":"69","author":"Duncan","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"938","article-title":"Bartonella species in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact","volume":"13","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"berkhoffii. Vet Res","first-page":"697","article-title":"Canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp","volume":"38","author":"Diniz","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/4\/javma.233.4.597.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/4\/javma.233.4.597.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/4\/javma.233.4.597.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:52:44Z","timestamp":1741355564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/4\/javma.233.4.597.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.233.4.597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]]}}}