{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:54:00Z","timestamp":1787025240830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014To identify factors associated with short-term survival in bacteremic neonatal foals, evaluate the racing performance of Thoroughbred survivors, and evaluate changes in causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Retrospective case series.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Animals<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014423 bacteremic foals.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Medical records of foals that were hospitalized in 1982 through 2007 were reviewed, and those with bacteremia were included in the study. Data retrieved included signalment, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings at admission, localized infections, concurrent illnesses, duration of hospitalization, and outcome (survival to discharge from the hospital vs nonsurvival). The number, identity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms isolated from blood samples were also obtained. Racing records for surviving Thoroughbred foals and maternal siblings were examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Of 423 bacteremic foals, 254 survived. Odds of survival were negatively associated with age at admission, septic arthritis, band neutrophil count, and serum creatinine concentration and positively associated with year of admission, diarrhea, rectal temperature, neutrophil count, and arterial blood pH. Overall, microbial culture of blood samples yielded 554 isolates;\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n was consistently isolated most frequently. Percentage of isolates susceptible to enrofloxacin, but no other antimicrobial, decreased over time. Surviving Thoroughbred foals did not differ from siblings with regard to percentage of starters, percentage of winners, or number of starts; however, surviving foals had significantly fewer wins and total earnings.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014During the study period, microbial resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat bacteremic foals did not develop. Surviving bacteremic Thoroughbred foals were as likely to start races as their siblings but earned less money.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.9.1446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1225710443000},"page":"1446-1452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Factors associated with survival of neonatal foals with bacteremia and racing performance of surviving Thoroughbreds: 423 cases (1982\u20132007)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"L. Chris","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steeve","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy D.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"S256","article-title":"Septicemia in the neonatal foal","volume":"8","author":"Carter","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"109","article-title":"Update on neonatal septicemia","volume":"10","author":"Paradis","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"376","article-title":"Clinical and clinicopathological characteristics of the septicaemic neonatal foal: review of 38 cases","volume":"16","author":"Koterba","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"137","article-title":"Equine neonatal septicaemia: 24 cases","volume":"73","author":"Raisis","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1759","article-title":"Comparison of bacteriologic culture of blood and necropsy specimens for determining the cause of foal septicemia: 47 cases (1978\u20131987)","volume":"195","author":"Wilson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Dorothy Havemeyer Found Neonatal Workshop","first-page":"50","article-title":"Bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity patterns from septicemic neonatal foals: a 15 year retrospective study (1986\u20132000), in Proceedings","volume":"3","author":"Henson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1608","article-title":"Bacterial isolates from blood and their susceptibility patterns in critically ill foals: 543 cases (1991\u20131998)","volume":"218","author":"Marsh","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"464","article-title":"Actinobacillus sp bacteremia in foals: clinical signs and prognosis","volume":"16","author":"Stewart","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"84","article-title":"Bacteraemia in neonatal foals: clinicopathological differences between grampositive and gram-negative infections, and single organism and mixed infections","volume":"39","author":"Corley","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"183","article-title":"Prognosis for neonatal foals in an intensive care unit","volume":"11","author":"Furr","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"89","article-title":"Prognostic variables for survival of neonatal foals under intensive care","volume":"6","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"26","article-title":"Hemostatic and fibrinolytic indices in neonatal foals with presumed septicemia","volume":"12","author":"Barton","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"140","article-title":"Factors associated with survival in septicemic foals: 65 cases (1988\u20131995)","volume":"12","author":"Gayle","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"53","article-title":"Arterial lactate concentration, hospital survival, sepsis and SIRS in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"37","author":"Corley","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Proceedings. 45th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"224","article-title":"Short- And long-term athletic outcome of neonatal intensive care unit survivors","volume":"45","author":"Axon","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"23","article-title":"Comparison of empirically developed sepsis score with a computer generated and weighted scoring system for the identification of sepsis in the equine neonate","volume":"20","author":"Brewer","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"426","article-title":"Evaluation of the Sensititre microdilution antibiotic susceptibility system against recent clinical isolates: three-laboratory collaborative study","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"464","article-title":"Evaluation of the Sensititre system for quantitative antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing: a collaborative study","volume":"17","author":"Gavan","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standards","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"973","article-title":"Factors associated with prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis: 93 cases (1987\u20131994)","volume":"215","author":"Steel","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/9\/javma.233.9.1446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/9\/javma.233.9.1446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/233\/9\/javma.233.9.1446.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T09:05:01Z","timestamp":1741338301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/233\/9\/javma.233.9.1446.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.233.9.1446","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]}}}