{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T20:39:18Z","timestamp":1769200758613,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine effects of hip joint osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of hip joint laxity and congruence<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201440 Labrador Retrievers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were assigned to 2 groups based on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. Dogs in the osteoarthritis group were free of osteoarthritis at initial radiographic evaluation (t<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and developed osteoarthritis by a subsequent radiographic evaluation (t<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Dogs in the nonosteoarthritis group had no radiographic osteoarthritis at either evaluation. Hip joint laxity was quantified by use of the distraction index (DI) from a distraction radiographic view and use of the Norberg angle (NA) from a ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic view. The compression index (CI) from a compression radiographic view was used as a measure of joint congruence (concentricity).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hip joint laxity (NA or DI) did not change over time in the nonosteoarthritis group. Mean hip joint laxity (NA and DI) for the osteoarthritis group was greater at t<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> than for the nonosteoarthritis group. With the onset of osteoarthritis, mean NA decreased significantly and mean CI increased significantly, but mean DI remained unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014No radiographic evidence for compensatory hip joint tightening associated with osteoarthritis was detected. Hip-extended radiography revealed that hip joints got looser with osteoarthritis and NA decreased. Hip joint laxity (DI) on distraction radiographs was unchanged by the onset of osteoarthritis and remained constant in the osteoarthritis and nonosteoarthritis groups at both evaluations. However, the CI increased with osteoarthritis, as reflected in nonzero indices (incongruence). The CI may be a valid marker for early hip joint osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.12.1549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]],"date-time":"2009-06-15T16:57:17Z","timestamp":1245085037000},"page":"1549-1554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of laxity and congruence in hip joints of Labrador Retrievers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Randi M.","family":"Gold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Gregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"McKelvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"673","article-title":"On the etiology and pathogenesis of hip dysplasia: a comparative review","volume":"7","author":"Henricson","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Advances in diagnosing canine hip dysplasia","volume":"210","author":"Smith","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Radiol Soc","first-page":"35","article-title":"The dysplastic hip joint: its radiographic and histologic development","volume":"14","author":"Riser","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Veterinary pathology","first-page":"899","article-title":"Skeletal system","author":"Jones","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Hereditary bone and joint diseases in the dog: osteochondroses, hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia","first-page":"109","article-title":"Hip dysplasia","author":"Morgan","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"243","article-title":"Clinical hip dysplasia in growing dogs: the long-term results of conservative management","volume":"28","author":"Barr","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"911","article-title":"Studies in osteoarthritis of the hip: part III. 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