{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:42:39Z","timestamp":1784130159686,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 13-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because it was spraying urine that had a strong odor and had developed aggressive behavior.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Physical examination did not detect any palpable testes within the scrotum; however, spines were detected on the penis. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass in the region of the right adrenal gland. Results of adrenal hormonal analyses revealed considerable increases in serum concentrations of androstenedione and testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014A mass associated with the right adrenal gland was found during exploratory laparotomy. There was no invasion of the mass into the caudal vena cava. No ectopic gonadal tissue was seen within the abdomen. Adrenalectomy of the right adrenal gland was performed, and histologic evaluation of the mass revealed an adrenocortical adenoma. Two weeks after surgery, serum concentrations of androgens had decreased. Eight weeks after surgery, the cat was no longer spraying urine and was acting affectionate toward the owner.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Adrenal gland tumors can produce a variety of hormones other than cortisol. An adrenal gland tumor should be considered in neutered cats with newly developed physical and behavioral changes of a sexual nature. In the absence of debilitating conditions that are often associated with hyperadrenocorticism, cats undergoing adrenalectomy for an adrenal gland tumor that is producing sex hormones may have resolution of clinical signs and a good prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.4.505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T13:43:19Z","timestamp":1234878199000},"page":"505-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Excessive production of sex hormones in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Ralph P.","family":"Millard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika H.","family":"Pickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Clinical Endocrinology Service, Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee. Endocrinology. General info"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction","first-page":"252","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome)","author":"Feldman","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma androgen and estrogen concentrations in ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"209","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Adrenalectomy for treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in cats: 10 cases (1988\u20131992)","volume":"207","author":"Duesberg","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Steroids","first-page":"133","article-title":"Binding specificity of medroxyprogesterone acetate and proligestone for the progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor in the dog","volume":"61","author":"Selman","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"512","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism and hyperprogesteronemia in a cat with an adrenocortical adenocarcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Rossmeisl","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism associated with excessive sex hormone production by an adrenocortical tumor in two dogs","volume":"219","author":"Syme","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"666","article-title":"Progesterone secreting adrenal mass in a cat with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"214","author":"Boord","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"28","article-title":"Steroidogenesis in an estrogen-producing adrenal tumor in a young woman: comparison with steroid profiles associates with cortisol and androgen producing tumors","volume":"70","author":"McKenna","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Williams textbook of endocrinology","first-page":"489","article-title":"The adrenal cortex","author":"Orth","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"263","article-title":"Trilostane treatment of bilateral adrenal enlargement and excessive sex steroid hormone production in a cat","volume":"45","author":"Boag","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"355","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in a cat with an adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"DeClue","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"372","article-title":"Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats","volume":"224","author":"Spain","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"71","article-title":"Penile spines of the domestic cat: their endocrine-behavior relations","volume":"157","author":"Aronson","year":"1967"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/234\/4\/javma.234.4.505.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/234\/4\/javma.234.4.505.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/234\/4\/javma.234.4.505.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:25:36Z","timestamp":1741353936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/234\/4\/javma.234.4.505.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.234.4.505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]}}}