{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:32:40Z","timestamp":1782491560169,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine humoral responses to an equine encephalitis vaccine in healthy alpacas.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201439 healthy alpacas on 1 farm and 86 healthy alpacas on a second farm.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014All alpacas were given 3 doses IM of a bivalent, killed-virus equine encephalitis vaccine, with 4 weeks between doses. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus neutralizing antibody responses were determined with a plaque reduction neutralization assay every 14 days in alpacas on the first farm and 70 days after the first dose of vaccine on the second farm.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014For alpacas on the first farm, geometric mean virus neutralizing antibody titer peaked 2 weeks after the third vaccine dose was given (ie, day 70). At this time, 29 of 38 (76%) animals were seropositive for antibodies against EEE virus, and percentage of animals \u2264 2 years old that were seropositive (16\/17) was significantly higher than percentage of animals &gt; 6 years old that were seropositive (1\/5). For alpacas on the second farm, 76 (88%) were seropositive on day 70, and percentage of animals \u2264 2 years old that were seropositive (24\/24) was significantly higher than percentage of animals &gt; 6 years old that were seropositive (27\/33). For both farms, geometric mean titer on day 70 was significantly higher in animals &lt; 2 years old than in animals &gt; 6 years old.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that inoculation of alpacas with 3 doses of a bivalent, killed-virus equine encephalitis vaccine induced a humoral antibody response against EEE virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.4.530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T13:43:19Z","timestamp":1234878199000},"page":"530-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Humoral response to an equine encephalitis vaccine in healthy alpacas"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bedenice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Dibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"846","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in 9 South American camelids","volume":"21","author":"Nolen-Walston","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in 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