{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1769095148319,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To survey 2 populations of psittacines to characterize Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp isolated from commensal cutaneous microflora.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u2014107 psittacine birds from a sanctuary and 73 psittacine birds in private households or a pet store.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci isolated from mucosal and seborrheic sites were speciated, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on coagulase-positive isolates. A bird was classified as having positive results when at least 1 sample site yielded positive results for at least 1 staphylococcal species.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u201489 of 180 (49.4%) birds had positive results for staphylococci at the carriage sites sampled. Privately owned birds were twice as likely to have positive results for staphylococci as were sanctuary birds (71% vs 35%). Coagulase-positive staphylococci were significantly more common in the sanctuary birds (47% vs 1%). Staphylococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic> was significantly more common in the sanctuary birds (46% vs 2%). Staphylococcus hominis<\/jats:italic> subsp hominis<\/jats:italic> and Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with humans, were significantly more common in pet birds. Cockatoos were twice as likely to have positive results for staphylococci as were other genera.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that staphylococcal colonization in captive psittacines was less common than in other species studied. Staphylococci isolated from a pet psittacine may reflect that of the humans and other animals with which the bird lives in close proximity; however, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects exposure to humans may have on the microflora of these birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.7.901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T08:01:35Z","timestamp":1238572895000},"page":"901-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of mucosal and seborrheic sites for staphylococci in two populations of captive psittacines"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Jeleen A.","family":"Briscoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances S.","family":"Shofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley C.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Manual of psittacine birds","first-page":"222","article-title":"Reproduction and paediatrics","author":"Romagnano","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Semin Avian Exot Pet Med","first-page":"105","article-title":"Dermatological diseases in birds: an investigational approach","volume":"11","author":"Koski","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"101","article-title":"Axillary and patagial dermatitis in African Grey parrots (Psittacus 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