{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:28:13Z","timestamp":1762100893072,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical outcome following intrathecal injection of the podotrochlear (navicular) bursa for signs of foot pain in horses evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate efficacy of corticosteroids administered with or without hyaluronate.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201423 horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data collected included signalment, history, intended use, duration and severity of lameness, results of diagnostic anesthesia, radiographic abnormalities, MRI abnormalities, and outcomes for return to use.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014MRI was conducted on 23 horses with lameness localized to the foot. Thirteen horses had bilateral forelimb lameness, and 10 had unilateral forelimb lameness. Mean duration of lameness was 10.5 months. Seventeen of 23 (74%) horses had excellent outcomes and returned to intended use within 2 to 4 weeks after navicular bursa injection. Hyaluronate treatment was not associated with outcome; however, horses receiving &lt; 10 mg of trimacinolone had significantly worse outcomes than those treated with hyaluronate. Among horses with excellent outcomes, mean duration of soundness was 7.3 months. Seven of 8 horses with erosive lesions of the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone diagnosed via MRI had a poor outcome. Horses with navicular bursitis responded optimally to injection, compared with horses with other problems.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that intrathecal injection of corticosteroid in horses with erosions of the flexor surface of the navicular bone associated with deep digital flexor tendon adhesions yielded a poor response. Treatment of horses with navicular bursitis via injection of the navicular bursa should be highly effective in alleviating lameness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.7.920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T08:01:35Z","timestamp":1238572895000},"page":"920-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Outcomes of podotrochlear (navicular) bursa injections for signs of foot pain in horses evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging: 23 cases (2005\u20132007)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Chris D.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick D.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Scott","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed D.","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha M.","family":"Werpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"18","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot: 15 horses","volume":"35","author":"Dyson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"113","article-title":"Lameness associated with foot pain: results of magnetic resonance imaging in 199 horses (January 2001\u2013December 2003) and response to treatment","volume":"37","author":"Dyson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"340","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of 264 horses with foot pain: the podotrochlear apparatus, deep digital flexor tendon, and collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint","volume":"39","author":"Dyson","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"681","article-title":"Lameness in 46 horses associated with deep digital flexor tendonitis in the digit: diagnosis confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"35","author":"Dyson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Injection of corticosteroids, hyaluronate, and amikacin into the navicular bursa in horses with signs of navicular area pain unresponsive to other treatments: 25 cases (1999\u20132002)","volume":"223","author":"Dabareiner","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Equine Vet Sci","first-page":"316","article-title":"Navicular disease in the horse: the effect of controlled intrabursal corticoid injection","volume":"10","author":"Verschooten","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"164","article-title":"Subjective and quantitative scintigraphic assessment of the equine foot and its relationship with foot pain","volume":"34","author":"Dyson","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"717","article-title":"Use of magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose distal sesamoid bone injury in a horse","volume":"229","author":"Barber","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"359","article-title":"Relationship between nuclear scintigraphy and standing MRI in 30 horses with lameness of the foot","author":"Martinelli","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"270","article-title":"Sonographic anatomy of the palmarodistal aspect of the equine digit","volume":"48","author":"Bolen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"350","article-title":"Verification of scintigraphic imaging for diagnosis in 264 horses with foot pain","volume":"39","author":"Dyson","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"365","article-title":"Use of concurrent scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of injury of the podotrochlear apparatus","volume":"39","author":"Dyson","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"108","article-title":"Use of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of navicular syndrome in the horse","volume":"41","author":"Widmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse","first-page":"286","article-title":"Navicular disease and other soft tissue causes of palmar foot pain","author":"Dyson","year":"2003"},{"article-title":"Definition and classification of lameness","year":"1991","series-title":"Guide for veterinary service and judging of equestrian events","key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"348","article-title":"A comparison between magnetic resonance imaging, pathology, and radiology in 34 limbs with navicular syndrome and 25 control limbs","author":"Schramme","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"739","article-title":"Evaluation of foot pain in the standing horse by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"161","author":"Sherlock","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"18","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment and treatment of lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon in the navicular bursae of 20 lame horses","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"15","article-title":"Histopathology in horses with chronic palmar foot pain and age-matched controls. Part 1: navicular bone and related structures","volume":"38","author":"Blunden","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"23","article-title":"Histopathology in horses with chronic palmar foot pain and age-matched controls. Part 2: the deep digital flexor tendon","volume":"38","author":"Blunden","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"99","article-title":"Bursoscopy and tenoscopy of deep digital flexor tendonitis","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"92","article-title":"Deep digital flexor tendon injuries in the equine foot","author":"Mahar","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"94","article-title":"Collateral desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint","author":"Martinelli","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"285","article-title":"Palmar digital neurectomy in horses: 57 cases (1984\u20131990)","volume":"22","author":"Jackman","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"417","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and farriery for horses with chronic heel pain","volume":"19","author":"Debareiner","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"25","article-title":"The effects of orthopaedic shoeing on the force exerted by the deep digital flexor tendon on the navicular bone in horses","volume":"31","author":"Willemen","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"95","article-title":"Asymmetric signal intensity in normal collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses with a low-field MRI system due to magic angle effect","volume":"48","author":"Spriet","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"611","article-title":"Evaluation of the diffusion of corticosteroids between the distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa in horses","volume":"69","author":"Pauwels","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/234\/7\/javma.234.7.920.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/234\/7\/javma.234.7.920.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/234\/7\/javma.234.7.920.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1741353822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/234\/7\/javma.234.7.920.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.234.7.920","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]}}}