{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:27:40Z","timestamp":1790216860075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the effectiveness of 3 treatment regimens for small ruminants with caseous lymphadenitis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201444 client-owned sheep and goats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Aspirates were obtained from 48 lesions of 44 enrolled animals and submitted for bacterial culture. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Treatment for group A (n = 15 lesions) consisted of opening, draining, and flushing the lesions and SC administration of procaine penicillin G. Treatment for group B (n = 15 lesions) consisted of closed-system lavage and intralesional administration of tulathromycin. Treatment for group C (n = 18 lesions) consisted of closed-system lavage and SC administration of tulathromycin. All animals were reexamined approximately 1 month after treatment, unless treatment failure was detected prior to that time.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201443 animals with lesions had positive results (<jats:italic>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>) for bacterial culture. Proportions of lesions that had resolution of infection by 1 month after treatment did not differ significantly among the treatment groups (group A, 13\/14 [92.9%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 69.5% to 99.6%; group B, 10\/12 [83.3%]; 95% CI, 54.9% to 97.1%; and group C, 14\/17 [82.4%]; 95% CI, 59.1% to 95.3%).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Acceptable alternatives to opening, draining, and flushing of lesions may exist for treatment of sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis. Use of tulathromycin and penicillin in this study constituted extralabel drug use, which would require extended withholding times before milk or meat of treated sheep and goats can be sold for human consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.9.1162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T07:05:26Z","timestamp":1241161526000},"page":"1162-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparison of three treatment regimens for sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Washburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley T.","family":"Bissett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia R.","family":"Fajt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Libal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fosgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Miga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine M.","family":"Rockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"586","article-title":"Caseous lymphadenitis: an increasing cause for concern","volume":"140","author":"Rizvi","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"557","article-title":"Ovine caseous lymphadenitis: disease prevalence, lesion distribution, and thoracic manifestations in a population of mature culled sheep from western United 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sheep","volume":"159","author":"Senturk","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercially available vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis for use in sheep","volume":"212","author":"Piontkowski","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"61","article-title":"Treatment of caseous lymphadenitis by intra-abscess formalin injection","author":"McKinzie","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Ther","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin, a new triamilide antibiotic, in cattle","volume":"5","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"267","article-title":"The safety of tulathromycin administration in goats","volume":"30","author":"Washburn","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of inapparent caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep, using the synergistic hemolysis-inhibition test","volume":"47","author":"Brown","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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