{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:12:06Z","timestamp":1784830326154,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014An 8-month-old sexually intact male rabbit was examined because of a 2-day history of anorexia, epiphora of the left eye, bruxism, hypersalivation, and ataxia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Physical examination of the rabbit revealed bilateral conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, and severe signs of CNS dysfunction such as incoordination, intermittent myoclonic seizures, and opisthotonus. Results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses revealed only lymphopenia, a relative monocytosis, and an increase in serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and serum concentration of total protein. Serum antibodies against <jats:italic>Encephalitozoon cuniculi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> were not detected.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Despite IV administration of crystalloid fluids and treatment with antimicrobials, vitamin B complex, nutritional support, and prednisolone, the condition of the rabbit deteriorated; it was euthanized 7 days after admission. Histologic evaluation of brain tissue revealed lesions characteristic of severe, diffuse, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and a few large, eosinophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and glial cells. The DNA of human herpesvirus-1 was detected in the nuclei of glial cells, lymphocytes, and neurons by means of in situ hybridization. The rabbit's owner, who reported having had a severe labial and facial herpesvirus infection 5 days before the onset of clinical signs in the rabbit, was suspected to be the origin of infection for the rabbit.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Human herpesvirus-1 may be transmissible from humans to rabbits, and infection with this virus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in rabbits with CNS signs of disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.1.66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1246432131000},"page":"66-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Encephalitis in a rabbit caused by human herpesvirus-1"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Heblinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens P.","family":"Teifke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Brunnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim D.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Klopfleisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"47","article-title":"Detection of papillomavirus-DNA in mesenchymal tumour cells and not in the hyperplastic epithelium of feline sarcoids","volume":"14","author":"Teifke","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"6419","article-title":"Putative terminase subunits of herpes simplex virus 1 form a complex in the cytoplasm and interact with portal protein in the nucleus","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Gen Virol","first-page":"1531","article-title":"The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 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Sci","first-page":"3260","article-title":"Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus in several strains of rat","volume":"35","author":"Nicholls","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"674","article-title":"Spontaneous human herpes virus type 1 infection in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.)","volume":"104","author":"Wohlsein","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"373","article-title":"Route of infection, systemic host resistance, and integrity of ganglionic axons influence acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of the superior cervical ganglion","volume":"23","author":"Price","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol","first-page":"137","article-title":"The pathogenesis and pathway into the central nervous system after intraocular infection of herpes simplex virus type I in rabbits","volume":"4","author":"Narang","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"308","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","volume":"126","author":"Grest","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"44","article-title":"Naturally occurring herpes simplex encephalitis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","volume":"34","author":"Weissenbock","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"523","article-title":"Spontaneous reactivation of experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits","volume":"78","author":"Nesburn","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Textbook of rabbit medicine","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Functional development of immune response in rabbits","volume":"118","author":"Jeklova","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"721","article-title":"Production of encephalitis restricted to the temporal lobes by experimental reactivation of herpes simplex virus","volume":"153","author":"Stroop","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"259","article-title":"Nervous system inflammatory lesions and viral nucleic acids in rabbits with herpes simplex virus encephalitis-induced rotational behaviour","volume":"87","author":"Paivarinta","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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