{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:51:26Z","timestamp":1774579886703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with multicentric lymphoma and to investigate any relationship between serum cobalamin concentration and disease outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201458 dogs with multicentric lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum cobalamin concentrations were measured in 58 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Clinical signs, stage, and immunophenotype for dogs with hypocobalaminemia were compared with those for dogs with serum cobalamin concentrations above the lower end of the reference range. Survival times for dogs undergoing a cyclic multidrug chemotherapy protocol (n = 53) were similarly compared. Serum cobalamin concentrations for treated dogs that died or were euthanized before day 60 were compared with those of dogs still alive at day 60.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum cobalamin concentrations ranged from &lt; 150 to 1,813 ng\/L, with a median concentration of 401 ng\/L. Nine of the 58 (16%) dogs had hypocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentration &lt; 252 ng\/L). Three of 9 dogs with hypocobalaminemia survived to at least day 60, compared with 40 of 44 (91%) dogs without hypocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentration \u2265 252 ng\/L). Ten (10\/53 [19%]) dogs undergoing a cyclic multidrug chemotherapy protocol died before day 60, and the median serum cobalamin concentration for these dogs (232 ng\/L) was significantly lower than for those still alive at the end point of the study (556 ng\/L).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hypocobalaminemia was relatively uncommon in this population of dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but was associated with a poor outcome. Serum cobalamin concentrations may provide prognostic information in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.12.1437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T14:02:54Z","timestamp":1260885774000},"page":"1437-1441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence and prognostic impact of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Audrey K.","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Raquel","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"203","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of gastrointestinal function","volume":"18","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"54","article-title":"Prognostic factors in canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: prolonged survival is likely if clinical remission is achieved","volume":"21","author":"Batchelor","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"700","article-title":"Chronic enteropathies in dogs: evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome","volume":"21","author":"Allenspach","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"155","article-title":"Early biochemical and clinical responses to cobalamin supplementation in cats with signs of gastrointestinal disease and severe hypocobalaminemia","volume":"19","author":"Ruaux","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"405","article-title":"Outcome of cats with low-grade lymphocytic lymphoma: 41 cases (1995\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Kiselow","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"533","article-title":"Inherited selective malabsorption of vitamin B12 in giant schnauzers","volume":"25","author":"Fyfe","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"339","article-title":"Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy secondary to selective cobalamin deficiency in a juvenile Border collie","volume":"46","author":"Battersby","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"251","article-title":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients","volume":"171","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Acta Hepatogastroenterol (Stuttg)","first-page":"313","article-title":"Functional and morphological abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa in pernicious anemia\u2014a prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Stage migration in dogs with lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Flory","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"138","article-title":"Multicentric lymphoma with intestinal involvement in a dog","volume":"43","author":"Yam","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"313","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of 30 cases (1997\u20132004) of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma","volume":"43","author":"Frank","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Annu Rev Nutr","first-page":"299","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem","volume":"24","author":"Stabler","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Annu Rev Med","first-page":"357","article-title":"Current concepts in cobalamin deficiency","volume":"51","author":"Carmel","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"393","article-title":"Diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and treatment of dogs with lymphoma: the sentinel changes (1973\u20131999)","volume":"13","author":"Madewell","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/235\/12\/javma.235.12.1437.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/235\/12\/javma.235.12.1437.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/235\/12\/javma.235.12.1437.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:49:57Z","timestamp":1741355397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/235\/12\/javma.235.12.1437.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.235.12.1437","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]}}}