{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:31:59Z","timestamp":1773055919053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether high plasma fibrinogen concentration (\u2265 900 mg\/dL) is a valid indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201417 foals with physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis with or without septic arthritis, 17 foals with septic arthritis alone, 20 foals with non\u2013<jats:italic>Rhodococcus equi<\/jats:italic> pneumonia, and 22 healthy foals.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for information regarding signalment and total WBC count, segmented neutrophil count, and plasma fibrinogen concentration measured when foals were initially evaluated at the hospital. Whether the foals survived to discharge from the hospital was also determined.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Foals with physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis had higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations than did foals in the other 3 groups. Sixteen of 17 affected foals had values \u2265 900 mg\/dL. The positive predictive and negative predictive values for plasma fibrinogen concentrations between 900 and 1,500 mg\/dL as an indicator of osteomyelitis were 84.2% and 98.2%, respectively. Fibrinogen concentrations of 200 to 400 mg\/dL and 500 to 800 mg\/dL were associated with foals not having physeal osteomyelitis. Having septic arthritis alone or non\u2013<jats:italic>R equi<\/jats:italic> pneumonia was significantly associated with a plasma fibrinogen concentration between 500 and 800 mg\/dL; however, the positive predictive value of this range as an indicator of those diseases was low. Foals with osteomyelitis had greater total WBC and segmented neutrophil counts than did foals with septic arthritis alone.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A plasma fibrinogen concentration of \u2265 900 mg\/dL may be useful as an indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.4.415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,15]],"date-time":"2009-08-15T07:10:33Z","timestamp":1250320233000},"page":"415-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of plasma fibrinogen concentration as an indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals: 17 cases (2002\u20132007)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Newquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Med (Praha)","first-page":"921","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of equine neonatal care","volume":"87","author":"Freeman","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"582","article-title":"Equine pediatrics: septic arthritis and osteomyelitis","volume":"188","author":"Martens","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"109","article-title":"Update on neonatal septicemia","volume":"10","author":"Paradis","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"973","article-title":"Factors associated with prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis: 93 cases (1987\u20131994)","volume":"215","author":"Steel","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Adams' lameness 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age","volume":"7","author":"Barton","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"137","article-title":"Equine neonatal septicemia: 24 cases","volume":"73","author":"Raisis","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"567","article-title":"A retrospective study of 108 foals with septic osteomyelitis: 1995\u20132001","volume":"52","author":"Neil","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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