{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1789914700869,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nCase Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 12-year-old 46-kg (101.2-lb) sexually intact male Labrador Retriever was evaluated because of lymphadenomegaly. The dog resided in Texas, and its travel history included many southeastern and eastern shore states but not North Carolina.<\/jats:p>\nClinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Following evaluation of the dog, a diagnosis of stage IVa intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma was made. A cyclophosphamide-hydroxydaunorubicin (doxorubicin)-vincristine-prednisone chemotherapy protocol was initiated. One week after the first chemotherapeutic treatment, a routine blood smear evaluation revealed single and paired intraerythrocytic large piroplasms that resembled Babesia canis<\/jats:italic>. Via molecular testing, the organism was identified as a Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp that had been detected previously in dogs in North Carolina.<\/jats:p>\nTreatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The dog was administered imidocarb diproprionate (7 mg\/kg [3.2 mg\/lb], IM) on 2 occasions (3-week interval). At 1, 4, 15, and 50 weeks after the second treatment, blood samples were analyzed specifically for the North Carolina Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp via PCR assay; the result of each assay was positive.<\/jats:p>\nClinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Because of the morphologic similarity of the large piroplasm detected in dogs in North Carolina to B canis<\/jats:italic>, molecular testing of large piroplasms detected in dogs is needed to definitively identify the infective Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp. In the dog of this report, the infection was not eliminated following treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, which may have been a result of the immunocompromised state of the dog or the drug's ineffectiveness against this parasite. If imidocarb diproprionate is ineffective against the North Carolina Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp, treated dogs may act as reservoirs of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.7.851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T07:33:19Z","timestamp":1254382399000},"page":"851-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Detection of a large unnamed Babesia piroplasm originally identified in dogs in North Carolina in a dog with no history of travel to that state"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Holman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna B.","family":"Backlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Stricklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall E.","family":"Bardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"558","article-title":"Canine lymphoma and lymphoid leukemias","author":"Vail","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Sequence polymorphism in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers differs among Theileria species","volume":"147","author":"Aktas","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Parasitol 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dogs","volume":"30","author":"Kjemtrup","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"103","article-title":"Babesia conradae, sp. nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California","volume":"138","author":"Kjemtrup","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"150","article-title":"In vitro cultivation of a newly recognized Babesia sp. in dogs in North Carolina","volume":"151","author":"Lehtinen","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"S Afr Vet Assoc","first-page":"157","article-title":"Sterilization of Babesia canis infections by imidocarb alone or in combination with diminazene","volume":"66","author":"Penzhorn","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"494","article-title":"Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in 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