{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:43:49Z","timestamp":1770219829739,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare clinical outcome in dogs with serologically diagnosed acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) treated with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) with that of dogs treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and PYR (MMF + PYR).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201427 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records from August 1999 through February 2008 were reviewed to identify dogs with serologically diagnosed acquired MG treated with PYR or MMF + PYR. Data collected for each dog included signalment, whether the dog had megaesophagus or pneumonia (or both), thyroid hormone concentration, remission, time to remission, and survival time. Rates for detection of clinical signs and survival time were compared. Survival time was estimated via the Kaplan-Meier method. Influence of drug treatment protocol on likelihood of remission, time to remission, and survival time was examined. Effects of MMF treatment, megaesophagus, pneumonia, and low serum thyroid hormone concentration on time to remission and survival time were also analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201412 dogs were treated with PYR, and 15 were treated with MMF + PYR. Mortality rates were 33% (PYR) and 40% (MMF + PYR). There was pharmacological remission in 5 and 6 dogs in the PYR and MMF + PYR groups, respectively. No significant differences were detected between treatment groups for remission rate, time to remission, or survival time. Megaesophagus, pneumonia, and low serum thyroid hormone concentration had no significant effect on time to remission or survival time for either treatment group.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The results did not support routine use of MMF for the treatment of dogs with acquired MG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.6.664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T07:03:02Z","timestamp":1268636582000},"page":"664-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mycophenolate mofetil treatment in dogs with serologically diagnosed acquired myasthenia gravis: 27 cases (1999\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Curtis W.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Cerda-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella F.","family":"Harb-Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britton L.","family":"Badgley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Diane","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy XIV","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Treatment of autoimmune myasthenia gravis","author":"Shelton","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1428","article-title":"Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 1,154 cases (1991\u20131995)","volume":"211","author":"Shelton","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"189","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and disorders of neuromuscular transmission","volume":"32","author":"Shelton","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"A practical guide to canine and feline neurology","first-page":"517","article-title":"Junctionopathies: disorders of the neuromuscular 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initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"71","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"400","article-title":"An international, phase III, randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis","volume":"71","author":"Sanders","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"249","article-title":"Lessons from two trials of mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis","volume":"1132","author":"Sanders","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"390","article-title":"The muddle of mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia","volume":"71","author":"Benatar","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother","first-page":"2545","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis: the unanswered question","volume":"9","author":"Phan","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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