{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1769499088434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the use of dipstick, sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), and urine protein-tocreatinine ratio (UP:C) methods for use in detection of canine and feline albuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Evaluation study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014599 canine and 347 feline urine samples.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Urine was analyzed by use of dipstick, SSA, and UP:C methods; results were compared with those for a species-specific ELISA to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Positive results for dipstick and SSA tests (trace reaction or greater) in canine urine had moderate specificity (dipstick, 81.2%; SSA, 73.3%) and poor PPV (dipstick, 34.0%; SSA, 41.8%). Values improved when stronger positive results (\u2265 2+) for the dipstick and SSA tests were compared with ELISA results (specificity, 98.9% and 99.0% for the urine dipstick and SSA tests, respectively; PPV, 90.7% and 90.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively). Data obtained for cats revealed poor specificity (dipstick, 11.0%; SSA, 25.4%) and PPV (dipstick, 55.6%; SSA, 46.9%). Values improved slightly when stronger positive test results (\u2265 2+) were used (specificity, 80.0% and 94.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively; PPV, 63.5% and 65.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively). The UP:C had high specificity for albuminuria in dogs and cats (99.7% and 99.2%, respectively) but low sensitivity (28.7% and 2.0%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Caution should be used when interpreting a positive test result of a dipstick or SSA test for canine or feline albuminuria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.8.874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]],"date-time":"2010-04-15T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1271315491000},"page":"874-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Comparison of urine dipstick, sulfosalicylic acid, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and species-specific ELISA methods for detection of albumin in urine samples of cats and dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Shane D.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelly L.","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory F.","family":"Grauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"377","article-title":"Assessment and management of proteinuria in dogs and cats: 2004 ACVIM Forum Consensus Statement (small animal)","volume":"19","author":"Lees","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med 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microalbuminuria in cats","volume":"8","author":"Mardell","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Proteinuria, albuminuria, risk, assessment, detection, elimination (PARADE): a position paper of the National Kidney Foundation","volume":"33","author":"Keane","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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