{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1793444140044,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine efficacy of a protocol for managing urethral obstruction (UO) in male cats without urethral catheterization.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Clinical trial.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201415 male cats with UO in which conventional treatment had been declined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Laboratory testing and abdominal radiography were performed, and cats with severe metabolic derangements or urinary calculi were excluded. Treatment included administration of acepromazine (0.25 mg, IM, or 2.5 mg, PO, q 8 h), buprenorphine (0.075 mg, PO, q 8 h), and medetomidine (0.1 mg, IM, q 24 h) and decompressive cystocentesis and SC administration of fluids as needed. Cats were placed in a quiet, dark environment to minimize stress. Treatment success was defined as spontaneous urination within 72 hours and subsequent discharge from the hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Treatment was successful in 11 of the 15 cats. In the remaining 4 cats, treatment was considered to have failed because of development of uroabdomen (n = 3) or hemoabdomen (1). Cats in which treatment failed had significantly higher serum creatinine concentrations than did cats in which treatment was successful. Necropsy was performed on 3 cats in which treatment had failed. All 3 had severe inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder, but none had evidence of bladder rupture.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results suggested that in male cats, a combination of pharmacological treatment, decompressive cystocentesis, and a low-stress environment may allow for resolution of UO without the need for urethral catheterization. This low-cost protocol could serve as an alternative to euthanasia when financial constraints prevent more extensive treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.11.1261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1291172766000},"page":"1261-1266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy J.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A. Tony","family":"Buffington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Characterization of the clinical characteristics, electrolytes, acid-base, and renal parameters in male cats with urethral obstruction","first-page":"227","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Medical management of feline urethral obstruction","first-page":"483","volume":"26","author":"Osborne","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Urinary tract emergencies","first-page":"359","volume":"35","author":"Rieser","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Historical and physical parameters as predictors of severe hyperkalemia","first-page":"104","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Characterization and treatment of acid-base and renal defects due to urethral obstruction in 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cats","first-page":"1497","volume":"57","author":"Marks","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Feline lower urinary tract diseases","first-page":"1828","author":"Westropp","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"In vivo evaluation of \u03b12-adrenoceptors in cats with idiopathic cystitis","first-page":"203","volume":"68","author":"Westropp","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Increased plasma norepinephrine concentration in cats with interstitial cystitis","first-page":"2051","volume":"165","author":"Buffington","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Cystocentesis","first-page":"353","volume":"26","author":"Kruger","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Recurrence of feline urethral obstruction","first-page":"93","volume":"174","author":"Bov\u00e9e","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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