{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:33:43Z","timestamp":1773066823196,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether sublingual detomidine gel administration to horses would be effective in providing an appropriate degree of sedation and restraint to facilitate completion of veterinary and husbandry procedures under field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Multicenter, prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014270 client-owned horses known to require sedation or strong restraint to enable veterinary and husbandry procedures to be performed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses randomly received a single dose of detomidine gel (0.04 mg\/kg [0.018 mg\/lb]) or placebo gel administered sublingually. Horses were sedated to facilitate cleaning the prepuce, cutting of hair with electric clippers, hoof trimming or application of shoes, manual dental floating (ie, rasping or filing of the teeth to remove irregularities), nasogastric passage of a stomach tube or endoscope, and radiography. The primary determinant of efficacy was an assessment by a veterinarian on the ability or inability to successfully conduct the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014171 horses met all the study protocol criteria. One hundred twenty-nine horses were treated with detomidine. The procedure was completed successfully for 76% (98\/129) of the detomidine-treated horses, while the procedure was completed successfully for only 7% (3\/42) of the placebo-treated horses. The percentage of horses in which the procedure was successfully completed was significantly different between detomidine-treated horses and placebo-treated horses. No serious adverse effects were reported.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Detomidine gel administered to horses sublingually at a dose of 0.04 mg\/kg provided an appropriate degree of sedation and restraint to facilitate completion of veterinary and husbandry procedures in horses known to require sedation for such procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.12.1459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]],"date-time":"2010-12-15T08:02:34Z","timestamp":1292400154000},"page":"1459-1464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of sublingual administration of detomidine gel for sedation of horses undergoing veterinary and husbandry procedures under field conditions"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Rachel B.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Randal","family":"Kilgore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirja K.","family":"Huhtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Br Vet J","first-page":"641","article-title":"Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists in the horse\u2014a review","volume":"152","author":"England","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"651","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses","volume":"52","author":"Wagner","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"183","article-title":"A comparison of the antinociceptive effects of xylazine, detomidine and romifidine on experimental pain in horses","volume":"30","author":"Moens","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lumb & Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia","first-page":"203","article-title":"Anticholinergics and sedatives","author":"Lemke","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","first-page":"153","article-title":"Detomidine reduces the plasma catecholamine, but not cortisol concentrations in horses","volume":"38","author":"Raekallio","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"The effect of detomidine and its antagonism with tolazoline on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, and behavior in awake ponies","volume":"26","author":"Carroll","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"73","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of detomidine by sublingual and intramuscular administration in ponies","volume":"20","author":"Malone","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"219","article-title":"Serum concentrations and effects of detomidine delivered orally to horses in three different mediums","volume":"29","author":"Ramsay","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses","volume":"20","author":"Carroll","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Proceedings","first-page":"599","article-title":"Erroneous weight estimation of horses","author":"Asquith","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"9","article-title":"Sedative effects of detomidine after intramuscular injection and sublingual administration of oromucosal gel to horses","volume":"36","author":"Kaukinen","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","article-title":"Bioavailability of detomidine administered to horses as an oromucosal gel and comparison of sedative effects after three administration routes. [published online ahead of print Jul 8, 2010]","author":"Kaukinen"},{"key":"ref14"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/237\/12\/javma.237.12.1459.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/237\/12\/javma.237.12.1459.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/237\/12\/javma.237.12.1459.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1741356150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/237\/12\/javma.237.12.1459.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.237.12.1459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]]}}}