{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:06:26Z","timestamp":1783613186631,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine types and estimate prevalence of potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens shed by wild animals admitted to either of 2 wildlife hospitals and to characterize distribution of these pathogens and of aerobic bacteria in a hospital environment.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\nSample<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fecal samples from 338 animals in 2 wildlife hospitals and environmental samples from 1 wildlife hospital.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fecal samples were collected within 24 hours of hospital admission. Environmental samples were collected from air and surfaces. Samples were tested for zoonotic pathogens via culture techniques and biochemical analyses. Prevalence of pathogen shedding was compared among species groups, ages, sexes, and seasons. Bacterial counts were determined for environmental samples.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp, Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp, Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp, Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp, and Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp (alone or in combination) were detected in 105 of 338 (31%) fecal samples. Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp were isolated only from birds. Juvenile passerines were more likely to shed Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp than were adults; prevalence increased among juvenile passerines during summer. Non-O1 serotypes of Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> were isolated from birds; during an oil-spill response, 9 of 10 seabirds screened were shedding this pathogen, which was also detected in environmental samples. Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp and Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp were isolated from birds and mammals; Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp were isolated from mammals only. Floors of animal rooms had higher bacterial counts than did floors with only human traffic.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens were identified in samples from several species admitted to wildlife hospitals, indicating potential for transmission if prevention is not practiced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.6.773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1300172550000},"page":"773-783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Zoonotic pathogens isolated from wild animals and environmental samples at two California wildlife hospitals"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Siembieda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woutrina A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Ziccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadira","family":"Chouicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian E.","family":"Sandrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"2067","article-title":"Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections","volume":"10","author":"Kruse","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"6","article-title":"Wildlife, exotic pets, and emerging zoonoses","volume":"13","author":"Chomel","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","first-page":"983","article-title":"Risk factors for human disease emergence","volume":"356","author":"Taylor","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"83","article-title":"Human infections associated with wild birds","volume":"56","author":"Sotirios","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1284","article-title":"Avian influenza among waterfowl hunters and wildlife professionals","volume":"12","author":"Gill","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr","first-page":"306","article-title":"Seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern Austria\u2014prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods","volume":"116","author":"Deutz","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Wildlife trade and global disease emergence","volume":"11","author":"Karesh","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"4","article-title":"Infection due to 3 avian influenza subtypes in United States veterinarians","volume":"45","author":"Myers","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Natl Wildl Rehabil Assoc","first-page":"5","article-title":"NWRA news and notes. 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