{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:11:36Z","timestamp":1760983896795,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014An 8-month-old koi (<jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>) fish was examined at the animal hospital at Seoul National University for anal obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014The affected fish was lethargic and anorexic, appeared depressed, and had a nodular obstruction at the anus. A biopsy specimen from the anal mass was submitted for histologic examination, which revealed a number of protozoa. On the basis of the morphological characteristics of the spores and the location of the plasmodia (ie, vegetative form of the parasite), a diagnosis of a cyst containing <jats:italic>Thelohanellus kitauei<\/jats:italic> was made. <jats:italic>Thelohanellus kitauei<\/jats:italic> is a protozoan parasite that affects freshwater fish by producing cyst-like tumors that may cause intestinal obstruction. <jats:italic>Thelohanellus kitauei<\/jats:italic> infection with cystic disease has been reported to affect <jats:italic>Cyprinus<\/jats:italic> spp worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The cyst was removed surgically. After surgery, low-concentration tricaine methanesulfonate immersion was used for sedation and antimicrobial treatment was administered. The surgical wound healed completely, and the fish was clinically normal 14 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The successful outcome in this fish suggested that surgical removal may be a viable option for treatment of <jats:italic>T kitauei<\/jats:italic> infection in koi fish. The results of morphological analyses provided basic information on the relationships between tissue tropism and <jats:italic>Thelohanellus<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.6.784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1300172550000},"page":"784-786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Surgical removal of an anal cyst caused by a protozoan parasite (Thelohanellus kitauei) from a koi (Cyprinus carpio)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Sang Phil","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyang","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Eun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casiano H.","family":"Choresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Chang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals","first-page":"143","author":"Ross","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Korean J Parasitol","first-page":"183","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic studies on intestinal giant cystic disease of the Israel carp caused by Thelohanellus kitauei. I. Course of formation and vanishment of the cyst","volume":"28","author":"Rhee","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Ways of the origin of Myxosporidia species of the genus Thelohanellus Kudo from Amur wild carp","volume":"105","author":"Achmerov","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Fish Pathol","first-page":"213","article-title":"A new Myxozoa Thelohanellus kitauei, the cause of intestinal giant cystic disease of carp","volume":"15","author":"Egusa","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Acta Vet Hung","first-page":"67","article-title":"Biology and histopathology of Thelohanellus hovorkai Achmerov, 1960 (Myxosporea: Myxozoa), a protozoan parasite of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"34","author":"Moln\u00e1r","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Fish Pathol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Studies of Thelohanellus infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio. I. Experimental induction of Thelohanellosis","volume":"1","author":"Chun","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Syst Parasitol","first-page":"79","article-title":"Transmission of Thelohanellus hovorkai Achmerov, 1960 (Myxosporea: Myxozoa) to common carp Cyprinus carpio through the alternate oligochaete host","volume":"36","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Fish Pathol","first-page":"85","article-title":"Hemorrhagic thelohanellosis of color carp caused by Thelohanellus hovorkai (Myxozoa: Myxosporea)","volume":"6","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Korean J Parasitol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Efficacy of fumagillin against Thelohanellus kitauei infection of Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus","volume":"31","author":"Rhee","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"658","article-title":"Whirling disease and salmonid fish: life cycle, biology, and disease","volume":"89","author":"Gilbert","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/238\/6\/javma.238.6.784.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/238\/6\/javma.238.6.784.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/238\/6\/javma.238.6.784.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:17:29Z","timestamp":1741353449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/238\/6\/javma.238.6.784.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.238.6.784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]}}}